谱系

The historical development of the concepts of genealogy, phylogeny, monophyly and polyphyly is briefly reviewed.

地回顾了谱、统发育、单、多概念由来和发展。

Historical linguists have to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the protolanguage.

语言学家们通过对各语中相关语言进甄别，勾画出家族谱图，从而重新构建语原始语。