谱系

The historical development of the concepts of genealogy, phylogeny, monophyly and polyphyly is briefly reviewed.

历史地谱系、系统发育、单系、多系概念的由来和发展。

Historical linguists have to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the protolanguage.

历史语言学家们通过对各语系中相关语言进甄别，勾画出家族谱系图，从而重新构建语系的原始语。