And it's those protein-breaking enzymes, or proteases, in particular that wreak havoc for your mouth.

特别是那些破坏蛋白质的，或称蛋白，会你的口腔造成严重的破坏。

This work has led to the creation of proteins with new enzymatic activities, able to catalyze useful chemical reactions.

“这项研究创造出具有新型活性的蛋白质，这种蛋白质可以催化有益的化学反应。

There's an enzyme that clears this stuff away and it's called insulin-degrading enzyme, I mean how weird is that?

有一种叫做胰岛素降解的能清除这些蛋白，很奇怪是吧？

But it blew the enzymes-are-always-proteins dogma out of the water.

但它彻了“永远是蛋白质”的教条。

Lindahl discovered the first DNA Glycosylases: repair proteins that remove the damaged or wrong bases.

Lindahl 发现了第一个 DNA 糖基化：修复蛋白质，去除受损或错误的碱基。

Usually the clot might start naturally breaking down, for example, enzymes like plasmin break down fibrin into fragments called D-dimers.

通常情况会开始溶解，比如纤维蛋白溶解可将纤维蛋白溶解成D二聚体的片段。

The enzymes also carry out the final deconstruction of proteins into amino acids and carbohydrates into glucose.

这些还负责将蛋白质最终解构为氨基酸，将碳水化合物最终解构为葡萄糖。

The alterations in cell volume and shape have been ascribed in part to the induction, within apoptotic cells, of transglutaminase activity.

这种引起胞质蛋白的广泛交联，在质膜形成类似于角质化鳞状细胞的壳。

Second, even if a microbe produces collagenase and other proteases, enzymes that break down proteins, they CAN'T reach the collagen protein due to its interaction with calcium.

第二，即使微生物能产生胶原和其他蛋白，这些可以分解蛋白质，但由于胶原蛋白与钙的相互作用，它们无法到达胶原蛋白。

Neutrophils make an enzyme called neutrophil elastase, a protease capable of breaking down elastin, which is an extracellular matrix protein that gives elasticity and strength to lung tissues.

中性粒细胞产生中性粒细胞弹性蛋白，该能够水解弹性蛋白；弹性蛋白是一种细胞外基质蛋白，赋予肺组织弹性和韧性。

An enzyme is a protein that's a catalyst, it speeds up or accelerates a chemical reaction, just as the chymosin over here is accelerating the curdling of the milk.

是一种蛋白，也是一种催化剂，它能加快化学反应速率，就像这里的凝乳能让牛奶加速凝固。

Scientists wanted to know the structure of a protein-cutting enzyme produced by a retrovirus similar to HIV. They haven't been able to solve the protein structure using standard computational methods.

科学家们很想掌握由反向病毒所衍生的蛋白剪切的结构，而反向病毒是指，比如HIV这样的病毒。这类蛋白结构是不能通过标准算法法则导就直接得出的。

Enzymes are proteins, and proteins are expensive. So these compounds — known as brush border enzymes — can just sit around and process food as it passes by, without your body having to make new ones.

是蛋白质，蛋白质很昂贵。所以这些化合物——被称为刷状边界——可以在食物经过时无所事事地处理食物，而你的身体不必制造新的。

After the neurotransmitters have done their job, they unbind from the receptors, and can just diffuse away, get degraded by enzymes, or get picked up by proteins and returned to their release site in a process called reuptake.

当神经递质完成了任务，便会从受体上解除，扩散开来，被降解或者被蛋白摄取回到被释放的地方，这个过程称作“再摄取”。