The nucleic acid and the capsid are collectively called a nucleocapsid.

病毒核酸与衣壳，统称为核衣壳。

The capsid and viral DNA fuse together.

衣壳与病毒DNA融。

And they're " naked" because the capsid isn't covered by a lipid membrane.

它们之所是“裸露的”，因为衣壳没有被脂质膜覆盖。

The capsid binds to the nucleus and injects it with viral DNA, where it's copied.

衣壳与细胞核且释放病毒DNA，在此它进行复制。

Instead, they're made up of genetic material enclosed within a protein shell called a capsid.

相反，病毒由遗传物质组成，被包裹在一种叫做衣壳的蛋白质外壳中。

The viral genes are transcribed into RNA and go over to the ribosomes, where they are translated into capsid proteins.

病毒的基因被转录为RNA，然后被转运到核糖体，且在此处被翻译为衣壳蛋白。

Also, according to their capsid symmetry, the viruses can come in many shapes and sizes.

此外，根据衣壳形态的对称性，病毒有多种形状和大小。

Some virions have a phospholipid membrane derived from the host cell called an envelope, which surrounds the nucleocapsid.

有些病毒粒子具有来源于宿主细胞的磷脂膜，称为囊膜；囊膜包绕着核衣壳。

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

很多普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发的，它有一种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白构，而不是脂质膜构。

It gets into all of these cells by fusing its membrane with the cell membrane and releasing the capsid inside the cell.

病毒的包膜与细胞膜融，从而进入细胞，然后在细胞中释放衣壳。

West Nile virus is also an " enveloped virus" because the capsid is covered by a lipid membrane.

该病毒还是有包囊的病毒，因为衣壳外有一层脂质层。

Right. But when phages are present, they increase production of these tailless capsids.

是的。但是当噬菌体存在时，它们会增加这些无尾衣壳的产量。

Varicella zoster virus is a double-stranded DNA virus, protected by a protein coat called capsid, which is enveloped in a lipid membrane.

水痘带状疱疹病毒是双链DNA病毒，被一种叫衣壳的蛋白质包膜保护，而它又被脂质层包裹。

Once inside the cell, the virus enters the intracellular state where the capsid is removed and the virus becomes active.

一旦进入细胞，病毒就进入细胞内状态，它们脱去衣壳，开始变得活跃。

Yes, let's delve a bit deeper into the mechanics. CFPICIs can make these tailless capsids on their own.

是的，让我们更深入地探讨一下其机制。CFPICIs 自行制造这些无尾衣壳。

Yeah. Um, specifically we'll be exploring, you know, a unique family known as capsid-forming phage-inducible chromosomal islands.

是的。具体来说，我们将探索一个独特的家族，被称为衣壳形成噬菌体诱导染色体岛 (capsid-forming phage-inducible chromosomal islands)。

Exactly. Unlike your typical PICIs, these CFPICIs can build their own like protective shells called capsids.

没错。与典型的 PICIs 不同，这些 CFPICIs 构建它们自己类似保护壳的构，称为衣壳 (capsids)。

Not necessarily. Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

未必。很多普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发的，它有一种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白构，而不是脂质膜构。

That's the idea. The AI even thought that maybe CFPICI capsids could just penetrate bacterial membranes directly.

这就是这个想法。人工智能甚至认为，也许CFPICI衣壳直接穿透细菌膜。

Now the viruses are surrounded by an outer-protein coating called capsid, which protects the viral genome and aids in its transfer between host cells.

此时，病毒被衣壳包裹着；衣壳保护着病毒基因组，协助病毒在宿主细胞之间传播。