Eager for profit, their Spanish and English competitors soon joined them.

他们的西班牙和英国竞争者也渴望分一杯羹，于是很快就加入了葡牙人的行列。

Yeah. Nanbanjin was what Japanese people called some of the first Portuguese people to ever come to Japan.

好。南蛮人是日本对第一批来到日本的葡牙人的称呼。

And one of the greatest of all Benin's art treasures gives us an insight into the way Benin saw the Portuguese.

这是贝最了不的珍品之一使我们了解了贝人是怎样看待葡牙人的。

Under the government even of the Portuguese, however, those islands are said to have been tolerably well inhabited.

然而，即使在葡牙人的统治下， 这些岛屿据说也有人居住。

By the late 1400s, contact with the world beyond Europe was transforming the way the Portuguese saw themselves...

到十五世纪后半叶 葡牙和外面世界的接触使得葡牙人看待自己的方式改变了。

But in February of 1694, the Portuguese captured the capital after a devastating siege.

但在 1694 年 2 月，葡牙人在毁灭性的围攻后占领了首都。

The Portuguese were concerned with other invading imperialists, but regarded Indigenous uprisings and Palmares as their internal threats.

葡牙人担心其他入侵的帝国主义者，但将义和帕尔马雷斯视为他们的内部威胁。

The Dutch, then, as enemies to the Spaniards, became friends to the Portuguese, who were likewise the enemies of the Spaniards.

荷兰人，然后，作为西班牙人的敌人， 成为葡牙人的朋友， 葡牙人同样是西班牙人的敌人。

After the settlements of the Spaniards, that of the Portuguese in Brazil is the oldest of any European nation in America.

在西班牙人定居之后，葡牙人在巴西的定居点是美洲最古老的欧洲国家。

But since the Portuguese didn’t have enough people or boats to run the Indian Ocean trade, they had to rely on extortion.

但由于葡牙人没有足够的人手或船只来经营印度洋贸易，他们不得不依靠敲诈勒索。

The carriage very much resembles the one in which my uncle brought me, when a child, to Paris after he had killed the Portuguese.

这辆马车很像小时候叔叔杀死葡牙人后带我去巴黎的那辆。

The Roman Catholic Church in Sri Lanka traces to the arrival of the Portuguese in the early 1500s and the subsequent influence of Portuguese, Dutch and Irish missionaries.

斯里兰卡罗马天主教堂的历史可以追溯到16世纪初葡牙人的到来，以及随后葡牙、荷兰和爱尔兰传教士的影响。

This was, of course, simply because the Spanish were using a longer ruler to measure the border than the Portuguese were using, an effect that was later dubbed the Richardson Effect.

当然，这仅仅是因为西班牙人使用比葡牙人更长的尺子来测量边界，这种效应后来被称为理查森效应。

To merchants, who’d plied the Indian Ocean for years in relative freedom, the Portuguese were just glorified pirates, extracting value from trade without adding to its efficiency or volume.

对于多年来相对自由地在印度洋航行的商人来说，葡牙人只是美化的海盗， 从贸易中榨取价值而不增加其效率或数量。

And while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods, by 1620, when English explorer Richard Jobson made his way up the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes.

尽管葡牙人参与贸易的时候，他们把可乐果和其他货物一沿着海岸一路运送过来，但到了 1620 年，当英国探险家理查德·约伯森踏上冈比亚时，这种果实在他看来仍然十分稀奇。