A turbulent flow is self-similar if there is an energy cascade.

湍流是在不同级上是自相似的。

They're not all from different elements, most of them are from different energy levels in just a few elements.

它们并非都来自不同的元素，大多数来自少数元素中的不同级。

And things with higher density will absorb most of the low-energy X-rays, and allow some of the higher-energy rays to pass through.

而那些密度的东西则会吸收大部分的低级X射线，级的射线穿过。

Objects with lower density, like stuff that's made of organic materials, will allow more of the lower-energy X-rays to pass through.

低密度的东西，像有机材质的东西，会让低级的X射线穿过。

This electron can have one energy level, or another, but not a value in  between those two.

该电可以具有一个级或另一个级，但不是介于这两者之间的值。

Bohr’s model predicted that electrons orbit at very specific energy levels, which he called orbits.

玻尔的模型预测电在非常特定的级运行，他称之为轨道。

Now radioactive decay occurs when a nucleus has a higher energy level than a potentially more stable version.

现在，核的级于可更稳定的核级时， 就会发生放射性衰变。

I still remember that picture where there is a quantum well and the levels of electrons confined in the quantum well.

我仍然记得那张图⽚，其中有⼀个量⼦阱和限制在量⼦阱中的电⼦级。

Importantly, this means there is some minimal non-zero energy level for waves of a given frequency - hf.

重要的是，这意味着给定频率 - hf 的波存在一些最小的非零级。

From a tiny sphere, to electron orbits, to energy levels and then to the electrons being wave-like charge distributions.

从微小的球体， 到电轨道，到级， 再到电的波状电荷分布。

When these excited electrons fall back to their normal energy levels, their excess energy is carried away by photons, or particles of light.

这些激发态的电回到它们的正常级时，它们多余的量会被光或光粒带走。

Yet, with the new equipment, the same particles, the same energy levels, and the same experimental parameters would yield different results.

然而， 使用新设备，相同的粒、相同的级和相同的实验参数会产生不同的结果。

This tidal wave of high-energy particles excites atmospheric atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen, causing them to rapidly shed photons at various energy levels.

这种粒的潮汐波激发了大气中的，如氧和氮，使它们迅速释放出各种级的光。

Then, they used lasers to excite the positrons to higher energy levels, and measured the light the positrons emitted as they came back down.

然后，他们使用激光将正电激发到更的级，并测量正电返回时发出的光。

Each orbit can have a specific number of electrons, which correlates to the energy levels and orbitals in the modern model of an atom.

每个轨道都可以有特定数量的电，这与现代模型中的级和轨道相关。

If there are several electrons being removed this is a step-wise process, starting with the electron at the highest energy level, or the outermost one.

如果有几个电被移除， 这是一个逐步的过程，从最级或最外层的电开始。

In 1913, Niels Bohr came up with a simple model for describing these energy levels for a single electron in hydrogen merely assuming circular orbits.

1913 年，尼尔斯·玻尔提出了一个简单的模型来描述氢中的单个电的这些级，仅假设圆形轨道。

An electron could switch levels, if it absorbed or released some energy -- but only specific, discrete levels were allowed, and electrons couldn’t go below the lowest level.

它可以转换级— — 如果电吸收或释放一些量，但只特定的、 离散的级， 电不低于最低级。

" This difference, this energy difference between these two energy levels—from this we can extract how big, actually, the size of the nucleus is." Following this?

“这个差异，这两个级之间的量差异——从中我们可以提取出核的大小， 实际上有多大。 ” 接着这个？

So, a string with a vibrating standing wave  can have one energy level, or another, but nothing in between – just like  subatomic particles in the quantum world.

因此，具有振动驻波的弦可以有一个级，也可以有另一个级， 但中间没有任何级——就像量世界中的亚粒一样。