Trypsin is a pancreatic digestive enzyme that is produced as the zymogen trypsinogen.

白是一种消化，以白原形式产生。

So this antitrypsin protein is a protease inhibitor, and inactivates trypsins, thereby preventing protein breakdown.

而抗白就是一种白抑剂，通过抑白防止白质水解。

The level of alpha-1 antitrypsin in the blood can also be measured.

也可测量血清α-1抗白水平。

Cirrhosis caused by alpha-1 antitrypsin can be diagnosed with a liver biopsy.

α-1抗白导致的肝硬化可通过肝穿刺活检诊断。

Zymogen granules might fuse with lysosomes bringing trypsinogen into contact with lysosomal digestive enzymes.

原颗粒可能会和溶体融合，使白原与溶体消化接触。

This test stains glycoproteins like alpha-1 antitrypsin a pink color.

这个检测将如α-1抗白等糖白染成粉红色。

Normally, trypsinogen isn't activated until it is cleaved by protease enteropeptidase which is found in the duodenum.

通常情况下，白原被十二指肠中的肠肽切割之后才会被激活。

Contemporary, 'normal' flu viruses require the presence of the enzyme trypsin in their human host, in order to replicate.

当代，“正常”流感病毒需人类宿主中有白才能复。

The 1918 virus instead could proliferate even in the absence of trypsin, making it more pathogenic than other viruses.

1918年的病毒甚至没有白的情况下也能增殖，这使得它比他病毒更具致病性。

Since you need both mutant copies for the disease, this makes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency a recessive disease.

由于罹患α-1抗白缺陷必须有2个突变基因拷贝，α-1抗白缺乏症是一种隐形遗传病。

Symptoms of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency typically involve the lungs and liver.

α-1抗白缺陷的典型症状累及肺和肝。

Trypsins are a type of protease, which is an enzyme that can break down other proteins.

白是一类白，能够水解多种白质。

Trypsinogen might then be turned into activated trypsin which begins the cascade of digestive enzyme activation and autodigestion of the pancreas—which is acute pancreatitis.

于是白原可能被转化为活化的白，开启消化激活的级联反应，导致腺自溶——这就是急性腺炎。

There's also pancreatic amylase which breaks down carbohydrates into shorter oligosaccharides, and proteases, like trypsin, which cleaves proteins down into smaller peptides.

另外还有淀粉，可将碳水化合物分解为小分子的寡糖；再者还有白，如白，可将白质分解成小分子肽链。

The gene that encodes alpha-1 antitrypsin protein is called SERPINA1, which stands for serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 1.

编码α-1抗白的基因是SERPINA1，代表丝氨酸白抑剂，A系，1成员。

Misfolded alpha-1 antitrypsin can aggregate and get stuck in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver hepatocytes where it's made, causing some of those cells to die.

错误折叠的α-1抗白可聚集并阻塞于肝细胞内质网中，即α-1抗白产生的地方，导致中一部分肝细胞死亡。

Another effect of unchecked inflammation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is chronic bronchitis, resulting from increased mucus production and narrowing of the airways.

α-1抗白缺乏症导致炎症失控的另一个后果是慢性支气管炎，由黏液增多以及气道狭窄导致。

Diagnosis of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency often begins with a chest X-ray or Chest CT to look for hyperinflated lungs or evidence of damaged lung tissue.

α-1抗白缺乏症的诊断常通过X线胸片或胸部CT寻找肺过度膨胀或肺组织受损的证据。

If both copies of the gene were mutant Z copies, then typically there's only 15 - 20% of normal levels, which results in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

如果两个基因拷贝都是异常的Z型，这样的个体一般只有正常α-1抗白活性的15-20%，导致α-1抗白缺陷。

So alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can lead to both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, the two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.

因此α-1抗白缺乏症可导致肺气肿和慢支，而肺气肿和慢支是慢阻肺（COPD）中的2种类型。