Recycling of that heme group yields unconjugated bilirubin, which at high concentration can cause scleral icterus, jaundice, and bilirubin gall stones.
Risk factors for developing gallstones include things like female sex, obesity, pregnancy, and age, sometimes remembered by the 4 F's—female, fat, fertile, and forty.
If the other organ is the small intestine, then this is called a cholecystoenteric fistula, and the fistula becomes a direct route for gallstones to enter the bowel.
With gallstones what happens is that they sometimes get lodged at the sphincter of Oddi which blocks the release of pancreatic juices, which is pretty similar to the alcohol-induced protein plug.
Blood, in either liquid or powdered form, was used to treat epilepsy, while human liver, gall stones, oil distilled from human brains, and pulverized hearts were popular medical concoctions.
If the gallstone is brown pigmented, it's often a sign of gallbladder or biliary tract infection, and often the stones have even ventured outside gallbladder and into the bile ducts.
Stones is for calcium-based kidney stones or gallstones that can form, thrones refers to the toilet to remind you of the polyuria or frequent urination that results from impaired sodium and water reabsorption.
Always frail and sickly, he was strong-willed enough to survive a gallstone operation performed in his seventeenth year, without anesthesia or antiseptics, on a bare wooden table in Danville, Kentucky.