Well, actually pigmented gallstones are made of unconjugated bilirubin.

然而，事实上结石是非结合构成的。

The brownness is due to this mix of unconjugated or hydrolyzed bilirubin and phospholipids.

结石的褐色源自未结合，或水解的，和磷脂的混合物。

Since it's the bilirubin in bile, we'd maybe assume that they're made of conjugated bilirubin, right?

于是汁中的，我们大概会认为它们是结合构成的，对吧？

I thought there was only conjugated bilirubin in bile?

这是怎么回事？难道汁里不是只有结合？

Alright, so the other type is bilirubin or pigmented gallstones.

结石，或称色结石。

Recycling of that heme group yields unconjugated bilirubin, which at high concentration can cause scleral icterus, jaundice, and bilirubin gall stones.

亚铁血的循利用会产生非结合，其浓度过高会导致巩膜黄染、黄疸与结石。

Usually though, bile salts bind up the calcium ions and keep them from binding with and precipitating unconjugated bilirubin.

通常情况下，盐会结合钙离子，以此阻止钙离子与非结合结合并沉淀。

These are made when there's too much bilirubin in the bile and it has combined with calcium to form the solid precipitate calcium bilirubinate.

当汁中含有过量时会形成此类结石，与钙结合形成固体沉淀物钙。

In addition, serum amylase, lipase and bilirubin might sometimes be elevated.

此外，血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶和有时可能升高。

These ones, again, are pretty self-explanatory and are made mostly of bilirubin and therefore are pigmented.

这类结石，顾名思义，主要构成，因此含有色。

Jaundice actually occurs when your blood contains an excess of the molecule bilirubin.

当您的血液中含有过量的分子时， 就会出现黄疸。

Bilirubin is a yellowish waste compound that’s produced when old red blood cells are broken down.

是一种淡黄色的废物化合物，是在旧细胞分解时产生的。

And, since the liver usually conjugates bilirubin, there'll be increased unconjugated bilirubin in the blood from a less-functional liver and that can lead to jaundice.

还有，于肝脏能把血液中过多的非结合转变成结合，肝脏功能减退还会引起的血液中非结合升高，引发黄疸。

Well the vast majority is conjugated, but there is a small amount of unconjugated bilirubin in bile, only about 1-2% of total bilirubin, which is only 1% of bile.

其实汁中绝大部分是结合，但仍有少量的非结合，仅占总的1-2%，占汁的1%。

Since they're made partly of calcium, they'll usually be radiopaque, meaning you can see them on x-ray, here's an example showing pigmented gallstones on x-ray.

因为结石部分钙组成，故它们无法透过射线，意味着可在X光片上看到这些结石，这里是一个色结石在X射线下显影的例子。

Although cirrhosis usually affects adults, even newborns can have complications like jaundice, or buildup of bilirubin in the blood, on account of poor excretion by the liver.

尽管肝硬化多见于成年人，但新生儿也可有相应并发症，如黄疸，或于肝脏代谢不良导致血液中淤积。

It manufactures blood proteins, destroys old erythrocytes and releases bilirubin, removes poisons (detoxificatien) from the blood, stores and releases glycogen needed by the body.

它生产血浆蛋白，破坏衰老的细胞并释放，从血液中去除毒（解毒作用），储存和释放身体所需的糖原。

Frequently affected organs include the liver, where the bacterial toxins damage liver sinusoids and hepatocytes, causing bilirubin to spill into the bloodstream - which clinically translates as jaundice.

肝脏是常见的受累器官，细菌释放的毒破坏肝窦及肝细胞，导致释放入血液循，在临床上表现为黄疸。

With extravascular hemolysis, we have macrophages eating up red blood cells more than normal and unconjugated bilirubin production is ramped up, which is conjugated by the liver and sent to the gallbladder.

血管外溶血时，巨噬细胞吞噬细胞，较正常时更多，进而加速了非结合的产生，非结合在肝脏转变为结合，并输送至囊。

And he was turning yellow and then orange with jaundice, with these high levels of bilirubin and just started to scratch and claw and was really, really miserable.

于黄疸，含量很高，他的皮肤颜色变黄，然后变成橙色，他开始抓挠，真的非常非常痛苦。