Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides, renal morbidity is common.
Fluoride is a widely distributed nephrotoxin with exposure potentially resulting from environmental fluorine excess.Kidney is the main excretory organ of fluorine.
Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.
Conclusion: RI is a time-dependent physiological parameters, it can significantly enchance the diagnostic value for obstructive uropathy by analysis of the interrenal RI difference or ratio.
In this study, the imaging features of kidney were analyzed according to the stages of the disease, that is the pyretogenetic stage, shock stage, oliguria stage, and diuretic stage.