Typically intrarenal AKI's due to damage to the tubules, the glomerulus, or the interstitium —the space between tubules.

通常，性AKI是由于管、球或质（管的）坏所致。

Aquaporins allow water to move quickly in and out of the cells.

水通道蛋白允许水分快速通管细胞。

Calcitriol increases renal tubular reabsorption of calcium which reduces the loss of calcium in the urine.

骨化三醇可以增加管对钙的重吸收，减少尿钙。

Nephrons are mostly a series of tubes attached end-to-end that move fluids and wastes towards the bladder.

单位主要由大量管组成，最终将水和代谢废物引入膀胱。

As the filtrate leaves the Bowman's capsule it flows into the renal tubule, which is surrounded by the peritubular capillaries.

滤液离开囊后流入管，后者被管周细血管网包围。

Hypercalciuria can result from impaired renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, which leaves a lot of calcium behind in the tubule.

高尿钙可因管重吸收钙功能不全导致，因此管中残存了大量的钙。

The other way epithelial cells can necrose is via nephrotoxins, which are substances that tend to damage the epithelial tubular cells.

另一种上皮细胞坏死的方式是由于毒素，这些物质往往坏管上皮细胞。

The more ADH floating around in the blood, the more aquaporins are available to facilitate water movement through the cell.

血液内的ADH越多，就会有越多的水通道蛋白促进水分通管细胞回到循环中。

Within each kidney, there are about 1 million nephrons, and each nephron is made up of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.

每个约有100万个单位，每个单位由体、管组成。

These are basically molds of the insides of your kidney’s tubules, and they can be a sign of kidney disease.

这些基本上是管内部的霉菌，它们可能是脏疾病的征兆。

Also, these dead clumped up cells in the tubule form a brown granular cast which will eventually get excreted in the urine.

此外，这些死亡的细胞聚集在管，形成了棕色颗粒管型，最终将在尿中排出。

Now, before we dive too far in here, let's re-draw the nephron so that the structure of the renal tubule is a little more accurate.

现在，趁还没有学得更深，我们来画一个单位，让管的结构更加精确。

If the underlying cause of the acute tubular necrosis is addressed, people can recover, because tubular cells can typically regenerate over the course of a few weeks.

如果急性管坏死的根本原因被解决，患者可康复，因为管细胞通常可在几周后再生。

These pumps drive potassium from the blood into the cells and from there it flows down its concentration gradient into the tubule to be excreted as urine.

这些泵驱使钾从血液进入细胞内，细胞内的钾离子再顺着浓度梯度进入管，以尿液形式排泄。

When ADH is high on the other hand, aquaporins grab much of the water passing through the these tubes and throws them back into the blood.

当ADH水平高时，水通道蛋白将大量水分从管内重吸收回血液循环中。

This external balancing act is largely taken care of by the kidneys, where excess potassium is secreted into a renal tubule and excreted in the urine.

在外钾平衡起主要作用，它可以把多余的钾分泌到管中，然后从尿排出。

If Leptospira gets to the kidneys, it may infect the interstitium, causing interstitial nephritis, or it may cause an inflammatory reaction that damages the renal tubules, resulting in acute tubular necrosis.

如果钩端螺旋体进入脏，它会感染质而引起质性炎，也能引发炎性反应伤管，导致急性管坏死。

Now, all the stuff that get squeezed out of the blood into the glomerulus is called filtrate, which is then sent along to the elaborately twisting three-centimeter-long renal tubule.

现在，所有从血液中挤出进入球的物质被称为滤液，然后被送到精心扭曲的三厘米长管。

Each nephron consists of a round renal corpuscle that resides up in the cortex, followed by a long and winding renal tubule that loops around between the cortex and the medulla.

每个单位由一个位于大脑皮层的圆形体组成，其次是一个长而弯曲的管，在大脑皮层和髓质之循环。

This is called tubular secretion, and it transports only select kinds of waste that have already made their way into the blood that's in the peritubular capillaries, ready to leave the kidneys.

这叫做管分泌物，它只运送特定种类的废物，这些废物已经进入管周细血管中的血液，准备离开脏。