In fact, that's exactly what happens during apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death.

事实上，这恰恰凋亡时所发生的现象，这一过程也被称作程序性死亡。

Researchers found that the earliest mutations of cancer are displayed on every cell in a tumor.

研究人员发现，肿瘤的每个都会发生癌症的最初变异。

This is possible because organisms evolve when random mutations happen in the DNA of reproductive cells.

这可能的，因为当生殖的DNA发生随机突变时，生物就会进化。

And this is a human cell – the microscopic stage where everything happens.

这人体——一切发生的微观阶段。

Surgery might be enough for malignant tumors confined to the ovary, whereas chemotherapy may be needed for disease that spread.

手术足以治疗仅局限于卵巢内的肿瘤，而化疗则针对癌已经发生扩散的情况。

The same thing happened to the cells in your body after they've been frozen with liquid nitrogen.

在用液氮冷冻后，你体内的也会发生同样的事情。

For example, the light that enters your eye causes chemical changes in cells at the back of the eye.

例如，进入眼睛的光线会导致眼睛后部的发生化学变化。

Water allows metabolism to occur, which is the process that drives all the biochemical reactions that take place in cells.

水允许新陈代谢发生，这驱动中发生的所有生化反应的过程。

Once a cancer-causing mutation occurs within a cell, the affected cell begins to grow and replicate out of control, forming a tumor.

一旦发生致癌的基因突变，受累会不受控地生长复制，形成肿瘤。

James started by drawing on a basic premise of biochemistry — that everything happening inside a cell is basically just a chemical reaction.

詹姆斯首先利用了生物化学的基本前：内发生的一切都化学反应。

Recombination occurs uniquely in each sex cell— making two sisters' chromosomes different not only from their parents', but from each other's.

在每个性中发生的重组都独一无二的——使两姐妹的染色体不仅不同于她们父母的，而且也不同于彼此的。

Or what about building these super tiny sensors that can actually detect what's going on inside cells, report back in real time?

或者构建这些超级微型传感器， 它们可以实际检测内部发生的事情，并实时报告， 怎么样？

James started by drawing on a basic premise of biochemistry – that everything happening inside a cell is basically just a chemical reaction.

詹姆斯首先借鉴了生物化学的一个基本前——内发生的一切基本上都只化学反应。

This is where most of the cell's functions occur, enclosed by a cellular membrane that acts as the doorway into and out of the cell.

这大多数功能发生的地方，被膜包围，膜充当进出的通道。

Researchers sequenced the Galapagos cormorant's genome to find out how its flightlessness evolved They found changes in the function of hair-like cellular structures called cilia.

研究人员对加拉帕戈斯鸬鹚的基因组进行了测序，以了解其不会飞的能力如何进化而来的。他们发现了称为纤毛的毛发状结构的功能发生了变化。

But with a brain-dead person, this window can be extended because the heart and lungs can still function, delaying the cellular breakdown that occurs with cardiopulmonary death.

但对于脑死亡的人来说，这个时间窗口可以延长，因为心脏和肺仍然可以发挥作用，延缓因心肺死亡而发生的分解。

Together these techniques gave the world what's now known as super-resolved fluorescence microscopy, allowing us to see what goes on inside a living cell with visible light.

这些技术共同为世界带来了现在所谓的超分辨荧光显微镜，使我们能够在可见光下看到活内部发生的事情。

The same thing happened to your rods. Except, since they only register black and white, the afterimage was like looking at a negative of a photograph — dark replaced with light.

你的视杆也发生了同样的事情。除了，因为它们只记录黑白，残影就像看照片的底片——黑暗被光明取代。

Cells that divide often are at a higher risk of mutations than cells that don’t divide - and because breasts change and grow over the course of our lives, these cells are frequently dividing.

分裂的通常比不分裂的发生突变的风险更高——而且由于乳房在我们的生命过程中会发生变化和生长，因此这些经常分裂。

Organs have a limited window of time that can be preserved after death, but with a brain dead person, this window can be extended because the heart and lungs can still function delaying the cellular breakdown that occurs with cardiopulmonary death.

器官在死后可以保存的时间窗口有限的，但对于脑死亡的人来说， 这个时间窗口可以延长， 因为心脏和肺仍然可以发挥作用， 延缓心肺死亡时发生的分解。