And so these are two different versions of a phosphate molecule.

所以这是酸盐分子的两个不同版本。

Phosphate sold for hundreds of dollars per ton and Nauru had tons of it.

酸盐的售价每吨数百美元， 而瑙鲁拥有成吨的酸盐。

Urine contains compounds that consist of calcium, sodium, potassium, oxalate, uric acid, and phosphate.

尿液中含有由钙、钠、钾、草酸盐、尿酸和酸盐组成的化合物。

These bases are linked together by a backbone made of sugars and phosphates to form a DNA strand.

这些碱基通过由糖和酸盐构成的主链连接在一起， 形成 DNA 链。

To decrease the amount of phosphate that's absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, people can given medications called phosphate binders.

了减少从胃肠道吸收的酸盐，人们可以酸盐粘合剂。

Also, production of ATP molecules themselves requires a lot of phosphate.

同时，ATP分子本身的生产也需大量的酸盐。

Lecithin is made of molecules called phospholipids, which have a phosphate head that attracts water and a tail that attracts fats.

卵由称的分子组成，它有一个吸引水的酸盐头部和一个吸引肪的尾部。

Lastly, parathyroid hormone increases calcium reabsorption and reduces the reabsorption of phosphate from the kidneys, so more phosphate is excreted through the urine.

最后，甲状旁腺激素可以促进肾脏对钙的重吸收，而减少对酸盐的重吸收，因此导致尿升高。

And there, in 1950, workers at a phosphate mine cracked open a concretion of rock and found a perfectly-preserved Helicoprion whorl.

1950 年，在那里，一个酸盐矿的工人打开了一块岩石的凝固物，发现了一个保存完好的 Helicoprion 螺纹。

So as a result, the cells don't pull as much phosphate out of the blood, and this allows levels in the blood to rise.

因此，这导致细胞不会从血液中摄取那么多酸盐，得血液中的酸盐的含量上升。

This results in the same situation of increased reabsorption of phosphate and decreased reabsorption of calcium.

这就导致了酸盐再吸收的增加，同时也减少了钙的再吸收。

That is, the ones that have already grabbed a molecule of ATP that's been floating around, and broken it down into ADP and the leftover phosphate.

也就是说，那些已经抓住漂浮在周围的三酸腺苷分子，并将其分解成 ADP 和剩余的酸盐的人。

In the 1980s, Nauru had an economic boom when it began mining phosphate but the resource quickly disappeared and there's now a 90% unemployment rate.

20世纪80年代，瑙鲁的经济随着酸盐的开采开始繁荣起来，但资源很快就面临枯竭，并且现在的失业率达到了百分之九十。

Alternatively, a person may simply not be getting enough phosphate in the diet, although this is unusual because it's found in nearly all foods.

或者，一个人可能只是饮食中没有摄取足够的酸盐，不过这种情况不太普遍，因酸盐几乎普遍存在于所有的食物中。

A fourth type are struvite stones, sometimes called infection stones, which are a composite mix of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate.

第四种类型是鸟粪石，也被称作感染性结石，是镁、铵和酸盐的混合物。

One cause is taking too much of a phosphate-based laxative either orally or rectally as an enema.

原因之一是口服或直肠灌肠时服过多的酸盐类泻药。

This can result in conditions like primary hyperparathyroidism which result in too much parathyroid hormone, which leads to excess phosphate being excreted in the urine.

这可能引发原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进，会造成甲状旁腺激素过多，导致过多的酸盐从尿液中排出。

High levels of phosphate ions in the blood also like to bind with calcium which forms bone-like crystals which can slowly turn into bony structures.

血液中高浓度的酸盐离子也喜欢与钙离子结合形成骨样晶体；骨样晶体会慢慢变成骨质结构。

Because most of phosphate is locked up with calcium in the bones, the levels of phosphate are heavily tied with the levels of ionized calcium in the body.

因大部分酸盐和骨骼中的钙结合在一起，酸盐的含量与体内游离钙的含量密切相关。

This causes a demand for phosphate in cells because the first step in glucose metabolism is to have the enzyme hexokinase attach phosphate to the glucose.

这引发了细胞对酸盐的需求，因在葡萄糖代谢的第一步就是由己糖激酶将酸盐与葡萄糖结合。