They were known to get a mild disease called cowpox.

人发现，她会得一种叫做牛痘的轻微疾病。

And the scientific term for cowpox is at the heart of our story about the English word, " vaccine" .

牛痘的科学术语是关于英语单词" vaccine（疫苗）" 的故事的核心。

This virus is a much more hazardous cousin of chickenpox and cowpox.

这种病毒是水痘和牛痘的近亲，危险性更大。

People who were given a dose of cowpox never got sick with smallpox.

接种了一剂牛痘的人从未患过天花。

He conducted an experiment by injecting a child with a small amount of pus taken from a cowpox pustule.

进行了一项实验，一个孩子注射了少量牛痘脓疱中的脓液。

They learn the secret moves that fight cowpox.

学习对抗牛痘的密动。

So doctors tried giving small doses of cowpox to people who weren't sick.

因此医生没有生病的人注射小剂量的牛痘。

Not every germ has a weaker version, like the smallpox-cowpox story.

并非每种细菌都有较弱的版本，就像天花-牛痘的故事一样。

Giving people small doses of cowpox was the first type of vaccine.

人注射小剂量的牛痘是第一种疫苗。

It worked by infecting people with pus from pox lesions caused by similar but far less pernicious conditions, like cowpox.

它的工原理是用类似但危害性小得多的病症（如牛痘）引起的痘病灶的脓液感染人。

And the concept was that she was getting infected with a zoonosis, that is, with naturally occurring cowpox, not smallpox.

其概念是她感染了人畜共患病，即自然发生的牛痘， 而不是天花。

For example, when someone gets sick with cowpox, their immune cells learn to fight the cowpox germ.

例如，当有人患牛痘时，的免疫细胞会学会对抗牛痘细菌。

His own self-published booklet, An Inquiry Into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae, was initially ignored by the medical community.

自己出版的小册子《关于牛痘病毒接种的原因与结果调查》一开始遭到了医学界忽视。

Jenner (pictured) took fluid from the lesions of a dairymaid who had become infected with cowpox and used it to inoculate Phipps against cowpox and smallpox.

詹纳（如图）从一名感染牛痘的挤奶女工的病灶中取出液体，用它菲普斯接种牛痘和天花疫苗。

A British physician, Jenner, noticed that milkmaids who had been infected, not from smallpox, but from a related virus called cowpox - they were pretty immune from getting smallpox.

英国医生詹纳 (Jenner) 注意到，被感染的挤奶女工并非感染了天花，而是感染了一种名为牛痘的相关病毒——她对感染天花具有很强的免疫力。

For me, it was the literary equivalent of a smallpox vaccination: I have never, so far as I know, used the word zestful in a novel or a story. God willing, I never will.

对我来说，这就像注射了文学意义上的牛痘，终生对天花免疫：据我知道，我写短篇也好，长篇也罢，从来没有用过“热情的”这个词，总是尽力避免。

On the borders of little streams larger plants flourish — lupines, daisies, asters, goldenrods, hairbell, mountain columbine, potentilla, astragalus and a few gentians; with charming heathworts — bryanthus, cassiope, kalmia, vaccinium in boulder-fringing rings or bank covers.

在小溪流的边缘，较大的植物繁茂——羽扇豆、雏菊、紫苑、黄花、毛铃、山耧斗菜、委陵菜、黄芪和一些龙胆；与迷人的石南花 — bryanthus、casiope、kalmia、巨石边缘环或银行盖中的牛痘。

When scientists started to look into this, they found out that people who worked on farms did get sick with something else, a different sickness, one they were catching from cows that they milked every day, a disease called cowpox.

当科学家开始研究这个问题时，发现在农场工的人确实会患上其疾病，一种不同的疾病， 是从每天挤奶的奶牛身上感染的，一种称为牛痘的疾病。

A victory over the virus only became a real  possibility when scientists realized that it was not necessary to variolate with the  real smallpox disease, but much safer to use material from cowpox, a variant that affected,   surprise, cows.

只有当科学家意识到没有必要感染真正的天花疾病，而是使用来自牛痘的材料更安全时，战胜病毒才成为真正的可能性，令人惊讶的是，牛痘是一种影响奶牛的变种。