It's a polymerized alkene, but the molecule itself is an alkane.

是聚合， 但分子本身是烷。

Alkanes are just more of the same, add another carbon to lengthen the chain.

烷只是更多相同，添加另一个碳以延长链。

The fully saturated hydrocarbons I just described are usually called by the much simpler name, alkanes.

我刚刚描述的完全饱和的碳氢化合物通常用更简单的名称命名， 即烷。

But before we talk about aromatics, let's talk about the most basic cyclic structures, the cycloalkanes.

但在我们谈论芳之前， 让我们先谈谈最基本的环， 即环烷。

They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes, even rarely, alkynes.

们可以是烷，有时甚至很少是炔。

Sometimes the oils are fully hydrogenated, creating saturated alkanes.

有时油会完全氢化，产生饱和烷。

The final reaction type is dehydrogenation, and it, somewhat obviously, is the removal of hydrogen atoms from alkanes.

最后的反应类型是脱氢， 从某种程度上来说，是从烷中去除氢原子。

Things get more interesting, though, with the next alkane, butane, C4H10, because there are two different forms of it.

不过，对于下一个烷丁烷 C4H10， 事情变得更加有趣，因为有两种不同的形式。

Alkenes can be made into alkanes and alkynes can become either alkenes or alkanes depending on how many atoms are added.

可以变成烷，炔可以变成烷，具体取决于添加的原子数。

The simplest of the alkanes is one you've heard of before, methane, or CH4, the main compound in natural gas.

最简单的烷是您以前听说过的甲烷 CH4， 是天然气中的主要化合物。

First, alkanes are always named based on the longest possible continuous chain in their structure.

首先，烷总是根据其中最长的连续链命名。

The next simplest alkane contains 2 carbons side by side, each one of them in bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms.

下一个最简单的烷包含 2 个并排的碳原子， 每个碳原子都与 3 个氢原子键合。

I'm not gonna go through them all. There are a few naming rules that are specific to alkanes.

我不会一一列举。 有一些特定于烷的命名规则。

There's only one letter changing here: A in alkanes changes to E for alkenes and then to Y for alkynes.

这里只有一个字母发生变化：烷中的 A 变为中的 E，然后变为炔中的 Y。

The first is the kind that made alkane the most common fuel for combustion or burning.

第一种使烷成为最常见的燃烧燃烧燃料。

But there are 3 types of alkane reactions that are important enough for us to cover right now right here.

但是有 3 种类型的烷反应非常重要， 我们现在就在这里进行介绍。

Combustion is the type of reaction that powers your car and your propane grill, even candles among many other alkane fuels.

燃烧是一种为您的汽车和丙烷烤架提供动力的反应类型，甚至是蜡烛和许多其他烷燃料。

Now suppose you have more than one of the same size group attached to the same chain, like two methyl groups on the same alkane.

现在假设您有多个相同大小的基团连接到同一条链上，例如同一烷上的两个甲基。

So three words representing three different groups of organic compounds: alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

所以三个词代表三组不同的有机化合物：所有单键的烷，含有双键的，含有一个多个三键的炔。

If you paid attention, you learned that hydrocarbons with double bonds are called alkenes and those with triple bonds are called alkynes and that the naming rules are the same as for alkanes.

如果你注意的话，你会发现带有双键的碳氢化合物称为， 带有三键的碳氢化合物称为炔， 并且命名规则与烷相同。