Another important mechanism is hyperosmolarity, which is where there is an increased extracellular osmolarity, relative to the intracellular space.

另一个重要机制是透压，即相对于细胞内，细胞外透压增。

And there's a higher concentration of water in a bacterium than in honey.

而蜂蜜的透压比细菌细胞液的要。

Another category of non-cardiogenic causes is having low oncotic pressure.

非心源性的另一因素是低胶体透压。

Water can travel across cell membranes from where there's a higher concentration of water to where there's a lower concentration.

水可以透过细胞膜从低透压一侧流透压侧。

This osmotic gradient pulls water out of cells and into the extracellular space.

透压梯度使水流出细胞进入细胞外间隙。

They also regulate blood pH, volume, pressure, osmolality as well as produce hormones.

它也调控血液pH值、血容量、血压、透压，并产生多种激素。

Type A is completely erratic and is independent of the plasma osmolality.

A型为ADH释放紊，立于血浆透压变化。

The oncotic pressure is higher in the pulmonary capillaries than in the interstitial fluid, so it opposes the hydrostatic pressure.

肺毛细血管的胶体透压比肺间质胶体透压，因此它与流体静压拮抗。

Type D is the least common type of SIADH where ADH secretion is completely normal, yet urine osmolality is still high.

D型是最少见的类型，其中ADH的分泌完全正常，但尿液的透压仍较。

Low blood sodium levels and low plasma osmolarity combined with high urine osmolality and high urine sodium is a giant red flag for SIADH.

低钠血症和低血浆透压合并尿液透压、尿钠，是SIADH的警示。

Other causes include a low oncotic pressure which can be from malnutrition, liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome.

其他因素包括低胶体透压，可能是营养不良、肝衰竭以及肾病综合征导致的。

If you're going to take a laxative and you have time to wait, try the osmotic kind first.

如果您要服用泻药并有时间等待，请先尝试透压。

ADH levels tend to be very high so the maximum amount of fluid is retained, causing urine osmolality to be very high.

ADH水平会变得非常，导致大量水分在体内潴留，引起尿液的透压大幅升。

Fluid therefore flows out of capillaries and leaks into the pleural space when there is decreased oncotic pressure in the blood vessels.

因此当血管内胶体透压降低时，液体流出毛细血管并进入胸膜腔。

The kidneys regulate osmolarity because they have direct control over how many ions and how much water a person excretes.

肾脏调节透压，因为它直接控制一个人排出多少离子和多少水。

If the cause is related to inflammation or low oncotic pressure, then managing that illness will help resolve the pulmonary edema.

如果病因与炎症反应或低胶体透压有关，那么治疗潜在疾病有助于治疗肺水肿。

Oncotic pressure results from the the inability of solutes like large proteins - albumin for example - to move across through the capillary.

胶体透压是由不能穿过毛细血管的溶质产生，像是大分子量蛋白质，比如白蛋白。

Two causes of low oncotic pressure are cirrhosis, where the liver makes fewer proteins and nephrotic syndrome, where proteins are lost through the urine.

造成胶体透压降低有两个原因：一个是肝硬化，即肝的蛋白质产量减少；另一个是肾病综合征，因而大量蛋白质随着尿液流失。

37. By adjusting the osmotic pressure so that its cells are always fully inflated the plant is able to withstand great pressure before snapping.

通过调节透压而保证细胞的饱和状态，大米草从而经受住了海底的巨大压强。

When I drink a glass of water and that water is absorbed into my blood, my plasma osmolality drops, which means I'm diluting my blood with the water.

当我饮用一杯水后，水分吸收血液中，血浆透压降低，意味着血液被稀释。