Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.

不管是哪一种，你都了解每一个屈折拐弯处，就像熟悉自己手背上的纹路一样。

Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encoding lots of information in verbs.

世界各地的许多语言都有很大的屈折变化，用动词编码大量信息。

A simple way to understand stem is to take it as the word form minus its inflectional affixes.

理解词干的一个简单方法是将其视为去掉屈折词的词形。

Inflectional affixes and derivational affixes are two types of morphological processes used to create new words in a language.

屈折词和派生词是用于在语言中创建新词的两种形态过程。

The affixes attached in this process are therefore inflectional affixes or inflectional morphemes.

因此，这一过程中附加的词是屈折词或屈折语素。

Inflectional affixes typically appear after derivational affixes in a word structure.

顺序：在单词结构中，屈折词通常出现在派生词后。

Derivational affixes typically appear before inflectional affixes in a word structure.

顺序：在单词结构中，派生词通常出现在屈折词前。

Function: Inflectional affixes primarily serve grammatical functions, expressing grammatical relationships or indicating aspects such as tense, number, case, or comparison.

功能：屈折词主要服务于语法功能，表达语法关系或指示时态、数、格或比较等方面。

Obviously, inflection does not change the meaning of the base lexeme, nor does it change its category.

显然，屈折不改变基础词位的意义，也不改变其词类。

In languages like English, verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs will undergo the process of inflection.

在像英语这样的语言中，动词、名词、形容词和副词都会经历屈折过程。

Compared with derivation, which also involves the combination of a lexeme and an affix, inflection has some special properties.

与派生相比，屈折也涉及词位和词的结合，但屈折有一些特殊属性。

Productivity: Inflectional affixes are highly productive and can be applied to a wide range of words within a particular grammatical category.

生产力：屈折词的生产力很高，可以应用于特定语法类别内的各种单词。

Secondly, inflectional rules are more productive than derivational ones.

其次，屈折规则比派生规则更有生产力。

Number is also reflected in the inflections of pronouns and verbs, such as He laughs: They laugh, this man : these men.

数也反映在代词和动词的屈折变化中，如He laughs： They laugh， this man ： these men。

There are inflections called " cases" on the end of nouns -- (Laughter) that tell you who does what to whom in a sentence.

名词末尾有称为“案例”的屈折变化 - （笑声）告诉你谁在句子中对谁做什么。

The patterns for inflection can be applied in most cases, with very few irregular forms as exceptions.

屈折的模式可以应用于大多数情况，只有极少数的不规则形式作为例外。

An inflectional affix is attached only when a word is used in a sentence, as this type of affixation is required by grammar.

屈折词只在词用于句子中时附加，因为这种词附加是由语法要求的。

Thirdly, inflection never changes the category of the base lexeme, while derivation often involves the shifting of the category.

第三，屈折从不改变基础词位的词类，而派生通常涉及词类的转换。

Productivity: Derivational affixes may have more limited productivity compared to inflectional affixes, and their application can vary across different words and contexts.

生产力：与屈折词相比， 派生词的生产力可能更有限，并且它们的应用可能因不同的单词和上下文而异。

Inflectional affixes are highly productive and appear after derivational affixes, whereas derivational affixes may have more limited productivity and appear before inflectional affixes.

屈折词的生产力很高， 并且出现在派生词后，而派生词的生产力可能更有限， 并且出现在屈折词前。