Descartes also separated secondary qualities from the basic substance he called extension.

笛卡尔还将次要品质与他称之为外延基本物质区分开来。

This is distinct from denotation, which is more like the dictionary definition of a word.

这与外延不同，外延更像是单词字典定义。

Conceptual Meaning: This refers to the basic denotative or dictionary definition of a word.

概念含义：这是指单词基本外延或字典定义。

So the distinction between " sense" and " reference" here is comparable to that between " connotation" and " denotation."

因而，“涵义” 与 “指称” 区别类似 “内涵” 与 “外延” 区别。

It is " denotative" in that it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes, or refers to.

这种意义是 “外延” ，因为它关注词语跟它所指称事物之。

The force of linguistic relativity is hence greatly reduced if we take into our consideration the issue of language use as well.

丹尼语因为其独特基本色彩语义统，受到语言学界普遍关注。20 世纪 60 年代，研究者发现，丹尼语中仪有黑白对立两个基本颜色词：modla 表示 “白色”，mili 表示 “黑色”。依据色彩语码进化论分类标准，丹尼语只有 “黑、白” 两个基本颜色词，所以处于基本色彩词语统第一个发展阶段（Berlin & Kay， 1969）。由于具备了这样一个特征，丹尼语为语言学家提供了一个不可多得实例，用以验证基本色彩词语进化论观点可靠性。针对丹尼语基本色彩词语统中特殊现象，结合萨丕尔 — 沃尔夫假说讨论，我们难免会产生这样一个疑问：丹尼语会采用什么样方法表示 “黑 — 白” 以外语义对立，进而展现五彩缤纷现实世界？20 世纪 70 年代以来研究表明，丹尼语虽然仅有两个基本颜色词，但是相对于其他语言来说，这两个基本颜色词具有更为深厚内涵和更为宽广外延。在丹尼语中，modla 和 mili 这两个词语所表达意思，从语言类型学角度而言，除了表示不同色度对比之外，还形成了色调冷暖对立。换言之，前者可以表示 “白色 + 暖色” 语义范畴，后者可以用来指代 “黑色 + 冷色” 概念表达，由此构成 “白暖色列” 与 “黑冷色列”（white - warmness VS. black - coldness）这种独特语义对立。

This idea of the weapon has an extension of the self of channeling inner force rather than relying on external power is distinctly a Shinto in Buddhist conceptualization.

这种兵器观念具有自我引导力外延，而不是依靠外力，这显然是佛教概念化中神道。

For example, the denotation of human is any person such as John and Mary, and its connotation is " biped." " featherless, " " rational, " etc.

例如，人外延是任何人，如约翰和玛丽；内涵是 “两足动物”“无羽毛”“有理性” 等。

They dove into 275 years' worth of research — combing through scientists' observational journals, reading historical texts, and even reaching out to the broader scientific community to see if anyone knew anything about records of abnormal worms.

他们钻研了275年研究资料——梳理了科学家们观察日记，阅读了历史文本甚至接触了更外延科学团体，询问是否有人知道关于反常虫子任何记录。

A 'mode' is the particular manner which Substance, God, or nature assumes. A flower is a mode of the attribute of extension, and a poem about the same flower is a mode of the attribute of thought.

“模式”是物质、上帝或自然所采取特定方式。一朵花是外延属性一种模式，同一朵花一首诗是思想属性一种模式。