Over the period which Dr Penn and Dr Livingston analysed, the average magnetic strength of the irruptions has declined.

佩恩和利文斯顿博士分析表明，入侵活动的平均磁场度已有所下降。

While the U.S. has more tornadoes than any other country, tornadoes only form once out of every 10 strong storms.

虽然美国的龙卷风比其他任何国家都多，但每10场风暴只有1场能形成龙卷风。

The problem is that the theory puts white dwarfs' magnetic fields at 100,000 tesla or more, well beyond humanity's reach.

问题是，这个第一原则认为白矮星的磁场度可以达到100,000特斯拉或者更多，远远超过了人类的极限。

B is the strength of the magnetic field at each point along the loop.

B是磁场度 循环的每个点。

Some neutron stars generate fields 100 billion times stronger than those found in sunspots.

一星产生的场比太阳黑的场 1000 亿倍。

Like Susan's an artist. Lynette's a great businesswoman.

就是艺术家 勒奈特是职场人。

But a couple of other things induced emf, too, even if the strength of the magnetic field stayed the same.

但是，即使磁场度保持不变，其他一因素也会引起电动势。

Scanning at the resolution required to determine the details of individual synapses would requires a field strength high enough to cook a person's tissues.

以确定单个突触细节所需的分辨率进行扫描将需要足够高的场以制造人的组织。

But when that core collapses, the strength of the field skyrockets, and a neutron star can easily have a magnetic field several trillion times stronger than the Sun's.

但当其核心坍缩时，它们磁场度会急剧上升，一颗星的磁场很轻易就会比太阳几万亿倍。

And if the magnetic field and the loop are perpendicular, then the magnetic flux will just be equal to the strength of the magnetic field times the area of the loop.

如果磁场和环路垂直，那么磁通量将等于磁场度乘以环路面积。

And there are three factors that affect the magnetic field, and therefore the magnetic flux through the loop: First, there’s the strength of the magnetic field, which we label as B.

影响磁场并因此影响通过环路的磁通量的因素有三个：首先，是磁场度， 我们将其标记为 B。

So! The change in magnetic flux is equal to the strength of the magnetic field, times the length of the loop, times the change in its width within the magnetic field.

所以！ 磁通量的变化等于磁场度乘以环的长度，乘以其在磁场内的宽度变化。

Maybe the neutron star is a magnetar – a neutron star that has an unusually strong magnetic field, greater than ten thousand times the strength of the weakest neutron star magnetic fields.

也许星是一颗磁星——一种具有异常磁场的星，其度是最弱星磁场度的一万倍以上。

This multilayer material  has a property called giant magnetoresistance or GMR, and, put simply, it's a material that  changes its resistivity depending on the strength of magnetic fields that pass through it.

这种多层材料具有一种称为巨磁电阻或 GMR 的特性，简单地说， 它是一种根据穿过它的磁场度改变其电阻率的材料。

So when Dr Murdin placed the crystal in a 30-tesla magnet at Radboud University in the Netherlands (his lab in Guildford lacks the necessary kit), he was mimicking the conditions in a 100,000-tesla white dwarf.

因此，当穆迪博士这个晶体放到一个30特斯拉的磁体（这个磁体在荷兰的内梅根大学）时，因为他在格尔福德的实验室缺少必要的设备，他是在模仿一个100,000特斯拉磁场度的白矮星所处环境。

This planet's magnetic field is 10,000 times stronger than Earth's, so it traps huge amounts of particles and supercharges them, meaning that the radiation levels around Jupiter are about what you'd get near a nuclear explosion.

这颗行星的磁场度是地球的 1 万倍，所以它捕获了大量的粒并对它们增压，这意味着木星周围的辐射水平与核爆炸附近的水平相当。

In 1960, the General Conference on Weights and Measures honored Tesla's memory by deciding to use his last name – Tesla – as a unit of measure for the strength of a magnetic field.

1960 年，国际计量大会为了纪念特斯拉， 决定使用他的姓氏——特斯拉——作为磁场度的度量单位。

Combining all these factors, we find that the magnetic flux is equal to the strength of the magnetic field times the area of the loop, times the cosine of the angle between the magnetic field and that perpendicular line.

结合所有这因素，我们发现磁通量等于磁场度乘以环路面积，乘以磁场与垂直线之间夹角的余弦。