This is a phenomenon psychologists call functional fixedness.

这是种心理学家称之为功能固着现象。

That is difficult because we all suffer to one degree or another from func-tional fixedness.

这是困难，因为我们都或多或少承受着功能固着痛苦。

Darwin proposed a similar idea to explain why barnacles, which are stuck in one place, are so amply endowed.

达尔文提出过类似想法，来解释为何固着在方藤壶会有那么多后代。

The urchin plague strikes at the kelp's holdfasts their crucial attachments to the rock.

海胆们正在吃巨藻固着器 把巨藻固定在石重要装置。

His development theory covered childhood stages and the impact of fixations on adult personalities.

他发展理论涵盖了儿童成长阶段以及固着对成人性格影响。

Thus the primary task-recognized as such by all speed reading courses-is to correct the fixations and regressions that slow so many readers down.

因此，所有速读课程都承认首要任务是纠正那些拖慢读者速度固着和回归。

Instead of trying to reconstruct their fortunes, they engaged in a bitter and " violent contest with experience" -and ended up victims of that brooding fixation known as melancholia.

他们没有试图重建自己命运，而是进行了场痛苦“与经验激烈较量”——最终成为被称为忧郁症沉思固着受害者。

In temperate and polar climates, up to 40  meters below the surface, dense populations of giant kelp, the largest brown algae, grip  the rocky seafloor with branching roots called holdfasts.

在温带和极气候下，在海面以下 40 米深方，巨型海带（最大褐藻）密集种群通过称为固着物分枝根抓住岩石海底。

Both prevent blood clots from forming — blood thinners by preventing the formation of the clotting factors that hold clots together, and aspirin by preventing blood cells from clumping into groups that become clots.

两者都能防止血凝块形成——血液稀释剂能阻碍将血凝块固着在起凝血因子形成，而阿司匹林能阻止血细胞凝聚成可发展为血凝块细胞群。