Factor Xa, with Factor Va as a cofactor, turns factor II (also called prothrombin) into factor IIa or thrombin.

活性因子Xa和作为辅因子因子Va将因子II（血酶原）转变为因子IIa（血酶）。

Thrombin also turns factor XIII into factor XIIIa which cross links the fibrin to form a stable clot.

血酶也能使因子XIII转变为因子XIIIa；因子XIIIa与纤维蛋白通过交叉连接形成稳血块。

So, in people with protein C and S deficiency, the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex can't cleave and inactivate factors V and VIII.

所以，在蛋白C和S缺乏症患者体内，血酶-血栓调节蛋白复合物能裂解灭活V因子和VIII因子。

Finally, an elevated or prolonged prothrombin time, which is the time it takes your blood to clot, is a typical lab finding in more severe cases.

最终，血酶原时间延长，即血时间，也是更严重自免肝病例典型实验室指标。

Thrombin then turns factor I or fibrinogen, which is soluble, into factor Ia or fibrin, which is insoluble and precipitates out of the blood at the site of injury.

之后血酶将可溶因子I（纤维蛋白原）转变为因子Ia（纤维蛋白原），纤维蛋白可溶，便在损伤部位从血中析出。

And birth control pills tip the balance towards clotting because they increase the levels of clotting factors and decrease the levels of some anticoagulation factors like protein C and antithrombin.

而避孕药使得血功能亢进，因为避孕药增强了血因子功能，降低了蛋白C及抗血酶等抗因子功能。

There is also a prolonged prothrombin (or PT) time, as well as prolonged partial thromboplastin time (or PTT), both of which reflect having lower levels of circulating coagulation factors.

血酶原（PT）时间和部分血活酶（PTT）时间均会延长，两者都反映出血循环中低水平血因子。

Diagnosis of hemophilia A and B usually starts with lab tests including a platelet count which is usually normal, a prothrombin (PT) time, and a partial thromboplastic (PTT) time.

血友病A和B诊断通常是进行实验检测，包括血小板计数（一般正常）、血酶原时间（PT），以及部分血活酶时间（PTT）。

Also, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or DIC, is also a possible complication, since the decidua basalis layer is also rich in thromboplastin, so an abruption causes the release of large quantities of thromboplastin which causes widespread clotting.

还有弥散性血管内血（DIC）也是并发症之一，由于基蜕膜层内富含促血酶原激酶，所以胎盘剥离导致促血酶原激酶大量释放，从而导致广泛血。

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and consists of water, dissolved proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, and other substances. The four major plasma proteins are albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin.

血浆是血体部分，由水，溶解蛋白质，糖，盐，激素和其他物质组成。四种主要血浆蛋白是白蛋白，球蛋白，纤维蛋白原和血酶原。

So, it starts with a protein called thrombomodulin, which is on endothelial cells that line our blood vessels, and together with thrombin, they form a complex that also includes protein C and protein S.

这一过程从血栓调节蛋白开始，它位于血管内皮细胞中，与血酶形成一个复合物，其同时也包含蛋白C和S。