The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is glutamate.

脑部主要的兴奋性经递质为氨酸。

If medications are prescribed, typically the first-line options are stimulants.

如果使用药物治疗，一线选择一般兴奋性药物。

Excitatory neurons use glutamate, well inhibitory neurons use GABA.

兴奋性经元使用氨酸，抑制性经元使用伽玛氨基丁酸。

Excitatory neurons, for example, get excited and send signals to other neurons to fire.

比如说，兴奋性经元被激活后，就会将信号传送到其他经元产生兴奋。

To do that, they needed to test how the filopodia responded to glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter.

要做到这一点，他们需要测试树突丝对氨酸的反应，氨酸也就大脑主要的兴奋性经递质。

Vocal variation adds excitement and emphasis to speech.

声音的变化增加了讲话的兴奋性和强调性。

And Dr. Patel says stimulant laxatives tend to work within six to 12 hours.

帕特尔博士说，兴奋性泻药往往在6到12小时内起作用。

The effect this has on excitability of myocytes, however, is complex.

然而，这对心肌细胞兴奋性的影响的。

Cell death might be related to excitotoxicity – which is excessive signaling of these neurons, which leads to high intracellular calcium.

经元细胞死亡可能与兴奋性毒性有关，即这些经元细胞接受过度信号传递，引起细胞内钙离子浓度升高。

The result is a reduced excitability or responsiveness of the neurons and muscles in the heart.

这导致心脏经元和肌肉的兴奋性或反应性降低。

Excitatory neurons use glutamate, well inhibitory neurons use GABA. The yin and yang if you will.

兴奋性经元使用氨酸，抑制性经元使用 GABA。阴阳如果你愿意的话。

MONICA MURPHY: Well, excitotoxicity— and this is tricky stuff, and it's controversial.

莫妮卡·墨菲：嗯，兴奋性毒性——这一个棘手的问题，而且有争议的。

This reduces the heart's excitability and suppresses reentrant tachycardia.

这降低心脏的兴奋性和抑制折返性快速性心律失常。

While initial changes seem to increase myocyte excitability; further rise of potassium has the OPPOSITE effect.

初始变化可能增加心肌细胞的兴奋性，但钾进一步升高却具有相反的作用。

We listened to them, and they were -- They were good, but they didn't necessarily show uniqueness or excitement.

-我们听了他们的意见， 他们 - 他们很好，但他们不一定表现出独特性或兴奋性。

Keep in mind here: Any region of a single neuron may have hundreds of synapses, each with different inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitters.

单个经元的任何区域都可能有数百个突触，每个突触都有不同的抑制或兴奋性经递质。

Each synapses can receive both excitatory and inhibitory signals and the outcome is determined by the adding up of summation.

每个突触都能接收到兴奋性和抑制性信号，而结果由两者累加决定。

Excitatory neurotransmitters, like glutamate, bind to the receptors on neurons and tell them to open up ion channels and relay an electrical signal.

兴奋性经递质（如氨酸）与经元上的受体结合，告诉它们打开离子通道并传递电信号。

In addition to that, these same dopaminergic neurons also exert inhibitory effects on the excitatory cholinergic neurons in the striatum.

除此之外，多巴胺能经元也有同样的抑制作用纹状体的兴奋性胆碱能经元。

So, NMDA receptors belong to the family of ionotropic glutamate receptors, which mediate most of the excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain.

因此，NMDA受体属于离子型氨酸受体家族，它介导大脑中大部分的兴奋性突触传递。