ANA is detected by indirect immunofluorescence.

ANA 通过间接疫荧光法检测。

But, to be sure the immune-shielding proteins were still there, the team used two special techniques, immunofluorescence and western blotting, to check for their presence.

，为了确保疫屏蔽蛋白仍然存，研究小组使了两种特殊技术--疫荧光和蛋白质印迹法--来检查它们否存。

And on immunofluorescence, there might be nonspecific focal deposits of IgM and complement proteins, and these get trapped in the areas of hyalinosis, but these isn't always seen.

疫荧光电镜下，可能有非特异性病灶IgM和补体蛋白沉积；这些沉积局限于玻璃样变区域，不出现。

Those immune complexes can also be visualized on immunofluorescence, although one important finding that can help differentiate from other immune-complex mediated nephropathies is that these complexes involve IgA.

疫荧光电镜也可以看到这些疫复合物，有一点需要注意，有助于和其他疫复合物介导的肾病区分，就这些疫复合物包含IgA。

The team deployed an advanced imaging tool called Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging (MxIF), which is used to repeatedly stain tumor samples with antibodies attached to fluorescent dyes.

该团队部署了一种称为多重疫荧光成像 (MxIF) 的高级成像工具， 该工具于使附着荧光染料上的抗体对肿瘤样本进行重复染色。