If the bonds are successful, the investors will make a profit.

如果发行成功，投资者就会获利。

Emerging-market issuance of dollar bonds hit an 11-year low in 2022.

2022年，新兴市场美元发行量创下11年来新低。

But there too volume tumbled as issuance dwindled and interest rates fell, eroding margins.

但随发行量的减少和利率的下降，这些的发行量也大幅下降，侵蚀了利润率。

Issuance of corporate debt on Wall Street has more or less stopped.

华尔街的公司发行或多或少已经停止。

Issuers hope to cover themselves against low-probability outcomes with costs that could overwhelm them.

巨灾发行人希为低概率事件给自己保险，这些事件带来的损失可能是他们无法承受的。

The issuance of the last batch of these bonds will be completed by mid-November.

最后一批的发行将于11月中旬完成。

We've seen credit ratings being dropped from some municipal debt issuance because they haven't been able to file timely accounts.

我们已经看到一些市政发行的信被取消，因为他们无法及时提交账目。

Could the issue with AT1 bonds actually do the opposite and keep the crisis going?

AT1 的发行真的会适得其反，让危机继续下去吗？

The first batch of carbon-neutral bonds have been issued in China's interbank bond market.

首批碳中性已在中国银行间市场发行。

Governments offer bonds and other investments to raise money to pay for the spending.

政府发行等投资手段来筹资，于开支。

But new issuance has halted-by February 26th Wall Street had gone three days without any high-grade offerings, according to Bloomberg.

根据彭博社报道，新的发行已经停止——到2月26日，华尔街已经三天没有任何高等发行。

Officials would survey market participants and issue debt in response.

官员们会对市场参与者进行调查，并据此发行。

Additional tier 1 debt is a special type of debt the banks issue.

额外一是银行发行的一种特殊类型的务。

The central government now wants localities to borrow more directly by issuing their own bonds.

中央政府如今希地方政府通过自己发行更直接地进行借贷。

Why does Nigeria want to issue them now?

为什么尼日利亚政府现在想要发行这种?

ARGENTINA'S first bond, issued in 1824, was supposed to have a lifespan of 46 years.

1824年，阿根廷第一次发行，原本预期期限为46年。

Scheme-backed debt tends to boast a better credit rating than the airline issuing it.

常客计划背书的往往比发行它的航空公司拥有更好的信。

The gold crisis ended with a fourth and final bond issue in 1896.

黄金危机以 1896 年第四次也是最后一次发行而告终。

Because small firms do not issue bonds or sell equity in public markets, they rely on banks for borrowing.

小型企业不在公共市场发行和股票，而是通过银行融资。

But with less than a month to go, 2022 looks set to be an appalling year for bonds.

但距离发行还有不到一个月的时间，2022 年看来将是市场惨淡的一年。