And these are things like price controls, restrictions on imports, multiple exchange rates.

比如格控制，进口限制，多种汇率。

He later was in charge of controlling prices for the Office of Price Administration.

后来，他负责格管理办公室的格控制。

He had removed some price controls on certain goods and in the food space.

他取消了对某些商品和食品领域的一些格控制。

Critics say the reason is easy to recognize: price controls.

批评人士说， 原因很容易识别：格控制。

What price controls, subsidies, or other substitutes for price allocation do is reduce the incentives for self-rationing.

格控制、补贴或其他格分配替代品的作用是减少自我配给的激励。

To achieve these goals, the administration upheld the price controls on consumer goods that had been imposed during the war.

为了些目标，政府维护了战争期间对消费品施的格控制。

In turn, this means that politicians are tempted to step in and impose price controls based on the old rates.

反过来，意味着政客们可能会介入并费率施格控制。

He added that part of the problem is the lack of government support for the industry, such as water, animal care, and price control.

他补充说，部分问题在于政府对该行业缺乏支持，例如水、动物护理和格控制。

Store owners would tell government officials that they were obeying the price controls. But often they charged whatever they wanted for the goods they sold.

店主告诉政府官员，他们正在遵守格控制。但他们常常对所售商品，收取任何他们想要的费用。

In nineteen forty-three, however, he was forced to resign from the job. Later, he would say that he had been ousted by the politics of price control.

但是，在1943年，他被迫辞职。后来，他说他被格控制的政治手段赶下台了。

This may not herald a return to the price controls under President Richard Nixon in the 1970s, but the intellectual underpinning for such a policy is half-baked.

可能并不预示着 1970 年代理查德·尼克松总统领导下的格控制将回归，但种政策的智力基础是半生不熟的。

There are a few common things that happen when there’s a monopoly, barriers to enter a market, a lack of competition, unfair advantages, control over prices and, often, regulation.

当存在垄断、进入市场的障碍、缺乏竞争、不公平的优势、格控制以及通常的监管时，会发生一些常见的事情。

Price control is likely to reduce the supply, so the more viable options are government subsidies for the production of the desired product or government subsidies for its purchase.

格控制可能会减少供应，因此更可行的选择是政府对所需产品的生产提供补贴或对其购买提供政府补贴。

But as with any price controls, caps on the cost of insulin (at $35 a month) and out-of-pocket expenses for prescription drugs (at $2,000 a year) risk generating unwanted outcomes.

但与任何格控制一样，胰岛素成本上限（每月 35 美元）和处方药自付费用上限（每年 2,000 美元）可能会产生不良后果。

One year before he faced the next election, with the economy experiencing rising prices and unemployment, Nixon imposed temporary wage and price controls and ended the policy of insuring that American dollars could be converted into gold.

在他面临下一次选举的前一年，随着经济格上涨和失业率上升，尼克松施了临时工资和格控制，并结束了确保美元可以兑换成黄金的政策。

Most advocates for rigorous drug price controls point to France, Germany and the United Kingdom as models for countries that have managed to establish an official body evaluating new drugs and setting prices, with no apparent ill effects.

大多数坚持严格药品格控制的倡导者指出，法国、德国和英国是能够建立评估新药并设定格的官方机构，并且没有明显不良影响的国家模式。