Their new material is a type of hydrogel, a material made from a network of molecules that hold onto water.

它们新型材料是一种水凝胶，这是一种由极亲水分子网络所构成材料。

One end of the molecule is attracted to water, the other end to fat.

分子一端亲水，另一端亲脂肪。

The head is hydrophilic, which means it easily attaches to water molecules.

头部是亲水，这就意味它很容易附在水分子上。

They're hydrophobic or hydrophilic, basic or acidic.

它们是疏水亲水、碱酸。

A non-conservative substitution means that the new amino acid - valine, which is hydrophobic - has different properties than the one it replaced - glutamic acid, which is hydrophilic.

非保守替换意味新氨基酸，疏水缬氨酸，与其替代氨基酸，亲水谷氨酸，有不同特。

These surfactants have their hydrophilic head and their hydrophobic tails, and so they form these micelles around the dirt, which is what grabs onto dirt and oil, and helps it to remove it from the hair and the scalp.

这些表面活剂有亲水头部和疏水尾部，所以它们在污垢周围形成胶束，这些胶束可以吸附污垢和油脂，并帮助它们从头发和头皮上清除。

Previous work had shown that titanium dioxide could be rendered superhydrophilic (intensely attractive to water) upon exposure to ultraviolet light—a hindrance under extremely foggy conditions, as water would stick to the mesh rather than trickle into the cistern.

之前研究表明， 二氧化钛在暴露于紫外线后会变得超亲水（对水有强烈吸引力）——这在极度多雾条件下会造成阻碍，因水会粘附在网上而不是滴入水箱。