Tumor suppressor genes, which signal a cell to stop dividing.

肿瘤制因，向细胞发出停止分裂的信号。

Oncogenes help cells grow and proliferate, while tumor suppressor genes slow down cell growth and proliferation.

致因加速细胞生长增殖，而因使细胞生长增殖变慢。

So oncogenes or mutated tumor suppressor genes allow cells to keep growing uncontrollably resulting into tumors.

因此，因或突变的因使细胞不受控制地增长，导致肿瘤发生。

This may sound harmless, but LANA-1 inhibits p53, a tumor suppressor protein that prevents cancer formation.

听似无害，LANA-1制p53的活性；p53是种防止肿瘤形成的肿瘤制蛋白。

Tumor suppressor genes work by acting as a kind of roadblock, keeping cell division from moving forward.

肿瘤制因通过充当一种障碍来发挥作用，止细胞分裂继续发展。

Both of these proteins, are tumor suppressors, meaning they help slow down cell growth and prevent tumors.

这些蛋白都是肿瘤制剂，辅助制细胞生长，止肿瘤发生。

You can think of proto-oncogenes as the accelerator or gas pedal and tumor suppressor genes as the brakes.

你可以把因看作是加速器或是油门，把因看作是刹车。

This introduces a third party, called a suppressor cell, to do the warding off.

这引入了一个第三方，称为制细胞，来进行防御。

Infrared jammers, infrared suppressors, infrared decoy dispensers, and a color coded ID flash system.

红外干扰器、红外制器、红外诱饵发射器和彩色编码 ID 闪光系统。

The first key mutation is in the appropriately  named tumor suppressor genes, or TSGs.

第一个关键突变发生在肿瘤制因（TSG）中。

Squamous cell cancers arise from squamous cells that undergo genetic mutations that either activate proto-oncogenes or inactivate tumor suppressor genes.

鳞状细胞产生于经历了因突变的鳞状细胞，因突变可能激活因、或使因失活。

This type of gene is called an anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene.

这种类型的因被称为抗因或肿瘤制因。

To balance out cell growth, there are other genes called tumor suppressor genes which promote apoptosis or cell death of mutated cells.

为平衡细胞生长，还有其它因，称作因，促进突变细胞的凋亡或细胞死亡。

The scientists looked for the Damage suppressor gene in databases of other animals’ DNA, but they couldn’t find it.

科学家们在其他动物的 DNA 数据库中寻找损伤制因，他们找不到。

Abnormal cell division can occur either when active oncogenes are expressed or when tumor suppressor genes are lost.

当活性因表达或肿瘤制因丢失时，可发生异常细胞分裂。

In the thymus, these precursor T-cells mature and express either CD4 on helper T-cells or CD8 on cytotoxic T-cells sometimes known as suppressor T cells.

胸腺中，这些前体T细胞在成熟后，分化为辅助T细胞在细胞表面表达CD4，或分化为细胞毒性T细胞（有时被称为制T细胞）在细胞表面表达CD8。

The holes on both artillery and tank suppressors must be kept as small as possible to reduce the decibel level of the shot.

火炮和坦克制器上的孔必须尽可能小，以降低射击的分贝水平。

But if it happens in certain genes that are important in cancer, like oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, it can create deadly cancers like skin cancer.

是如果它发生在某些对症很重要的因中，比如致因或肿瘤制因，它产生致命的症，比如皮肤。

It usually involves several genetic mutations in endometrial cells, including of PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene; PIK3CA, an oncogene; and ARID1A, a gene regulating chromatin structure.

它通常涉及子宫内膜细胞的几种因突变，包括因PTEN、因PIK3CA，及调控染色质结构的因ARID1A。

But for all we know about fever's role in immune activation, some clinical trials have shown that fever suppressor drugs don't worsen symptoms or recovery rates.

就我们目前所了解到了的关于发烧在免疫激活中的作用，一些临床试验已经表明，制发烧的药物并不恶化症状或降低痊愈的概率。