Hyperplasia of synovium leads to formation of pannus which destroys cartilage and bone in the affected joint.

大量增生的滑膜组织会管翳的生成，进而逐渐侵蚀软骨，成关节的损伤。

Pannus is a form of superficial keratitis, or inflammation of the cornea, found most commonly in German Shepherd Dogs, Greyhounds, and Siberian Huskies.

角膜管翳是一性角膜炎，常见于德国牧羊犬、意大利灵缇犬和哈士奇。