Red and purple hues stem from secondary pigments called anthocyanins, while carotenoids and xanthophylls yield oranges and yellows, respectively.

红色和紫色色调来自等辅助色，而类胡萝卜和黄分别产生橙色和黄色。

Purple tea contains a substance known as anthocyanin, which gives the leaves the purple color, and other substances.

紫茶含有一种叫做的物质，它呈紫色，紫茶还含有其他物质。

Both are rich sources of anthocyanins, a type of plant chemical called polyphenols that gives them their deep color.

它都富含，这是一种被称为多酚的植物化学物质，它呈现出深颜色。

There’s lycopene , from tomatoes, and anthocyanins from red cabbage.

有来自西红柿的番茄红和来自紫甘蓝的。

That something could be anthocyanin, or it could be a dangerous toxin, but the knob itself isn't the problem, nor is the process by which it was added.

它可能是，也可能是一种危险的毒，但基因本身不是问题，添加它的过程也不是问题。

What's puzzling is that anthocyanins are actually newly minted, made in the leaves at the same time as the tree is preparing to drop them.

令人费解的是，实际上是新产生的，是在树准备落的同时在树中产生的。

The skin of grapes is a rich source of antioxidants, including resveratrol, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. These compounds are known for their ability to fight oxidative stress and reduce inflammation in the body.

葡萄皮是抗氧化剂的丰富来源，包括白藜芦醇、和类黄酮。这些成分以其对抗氧化应激和减少体内炎症的能力而闻名。

D Some theories about anthocyanins have argued that they might act as a chemical defence against attacks by insects or fungi, or that they might attract fruit-eating birds or increase a leaf's tolerance to freezing.

D 一些关于的理论认为，它可能作为一种化学防御剂来抵御昆虫或真菌的攻击，或者它可能会吸引食果鸟类或增加的抗冻能力。

F Perhaps the most plausible suggestion as to why leaves would go to the trouble of making anthocyanins when they're busy packing up for the winter is the theory known as the 'light screen' hypothesis.

F 关于为什么在忙于收拾过冬时会费力制造，也许最合理的建议是被称为“光屏”假说的理论。

However there are problems with each of these theories, including the fact that leaves are red for such a relatively short period that the expense of energy needed to manufacture the anthocyanins would outweigh any anti-fungal or anti-herbivore activity achieved.

然而，这些理论都有问题，包括变红的时间相对较短，制造所需的能量消耗将超过其抗真菌或抗食草动物的活性。