The whole flock has coccida and whip worms.

整个鸡群都有球虫和鞭虫。

Like these little creatures called choanoflagellates.

比如这些叫做领鞭虫的小生物。

The whipworm is a parasite that infects half a billion people around the world.

鞭虫是令全球5亿人感染的一种寄生虫。

But the worms also induce changes in the host's microbiome-tweaking it so the gut is no longer hospitable to hatching.

但是鞭虫也会诱发体内菌群的变化——对菌群进行调整，使肠道不再适鞭虫孵化。

Without that host contribution, the worms die.

没有的细菌贡献，鞭虫就会死亡。

Choanoflagellates eat bacteria they catch themselves.

领鞭虫吃它们自己捕捉到的细菌。

Grencis and his team studied that phenomenon in mice-because there's a type of whipworm adapted to them too.

格兰西斯和团队在老鼠身上研究了这种现象，因为老鼠体内也有适应其生存的一种鞭虫。

It takes them from the host and then bends it to generate a population which suits itself.

“鞭虫从身上获得细菌，使其产生适自己的菌群。”

Well, choanoflagellates have little flagella that whip back and forth to move them from place to place.

领鞭虫有很小的鞭毛，鞭毛来回摆动，让它们从一个地方移动到另一个地方。

So that whipworms no longer mooch off us-or our microbes.

因此，鞭虫再也不能从我们——或者说我们的细菌中——揩油了。

Grencis says the findings might someday lead to a way to selectively target the worms.

格兰西斯表示，这一发现可能在未来会发展出选择性清除鞭虫的方式。

As we can see, choanoflagellates are single celled-organisms, but we know animals don't always have all four animal traits.

正如我们所看到的，领鞭虫是单细胞生物，但我们知道动物并不总是具有所有四种动物特征。

Roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, schistosomiasis: infections from these species cause pain and discomfort.

蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、血吸虫病：这些物种的感染会引起疼痛和不适。

His intestines were also parasitized by whipworms and his stomach contained ulcer-causing bacteria, all of which might have caused some unpleasant symptoms.

他的肠道还寄生着鞭虫，胃里也有引起溃疡的细菌，这些都可能引起一些不愉快的症状。

I'm also going to send enough home for the whole flock because this is a good chance that if Ralph and Penny have coccidia and whipworms.

我还会给整个鸡群寄足够的钱，因为这是一个很好的机会。如果拉尔夫和佩妮有球虫和鞭虫。

But here's the catch: Go on a hatching spree, and the host's immune system is going to take notice, and kick all the worms out.

无节制地进行孵化，会引起免疫系统的注意，然后将所有鞭虫清除出去。

Unlike animals, choanoflagellates can't trace their lineage back to the last common ancestor of all animals, this is according to many in-depth studies into the genetics of these organisms.

与动物不同，领鞭虫不能追溯到所有动物的最后一个共同祖先，这是根据对这些生物的遗传进行的许多深入研究得出的结论。