The first paragraph focuses on his background and how he came to be the evolutionist that he was.

第一段主要是他背景以及他如何成为一个化论者。

BRIAN HARE: But thinking about evolution  like a Darwinian evolutionist does, that was not popular in Stalin's Russia.

布莱恩·黑尔：但是像达尔文化论者那思考化论，在斯大林时代俄罗斯并不流行。

We will begin with the problem of the physical conceptions of space and time and matter, which, as we have seen, are challenged by the contentions of the evolutionists.

我们将从空、时和物质物理概念问题开始， 正如我们所见， 化论者争论对些概念提出了挑战。

It is admitted by most evolutionists that mammals are descended from a marsupial form; and if so, the mammary glands will have been at first developed within the marsupial sack.

大多数化论者都承认哺乳动物是有袋类动物后代；如果是， 那么乳腺将首先在有袋动物袋内发育。

But such a view, though it might satisfy Spencer and those whom we may call Hegelian evolutionists, could not be accepted as adequate by the more whole-hearted votaries of change.

但是观点， 虽然它可能会让斯宾塞和那些我们可以称之为黑格尔化论者人感到满意， 但不能被更全心全意变革拥护者认为是充分。

To evolutionists may be left the processes of evolution; to historians the single interest is the law of reaction between force and force — between mind and nature — the law of progress.

化论者可能会留给化过程；对历史学家来说，唯一兴趣是力与力之——思想与自然之——步规律。

In retrospect, the mythmakers are right, for in the spin game that followed the debate the evolutionists came out on top, the bishop's reputation was badly tarnished and Huxley acquired the sobriquet " Darwin's bulldog" .

回想起来，神话制造者是对，因为在辩论之后操纵游戏中， 化论者占了上风，主教声誉严重受损， 而赫胥黎获得了“达尔文斗牛犬” 绰号。

Of course both priests and evolutionists bitterly denied this heresy, but what they affirmed or denied in 1860 had very little importance indeed for 1960. Anarchy lost no ground meanwhile. The problem became only the more fascinating.

当然，牧师和化论者都强烈否认种异端邪说，但他们在 1860 年所肯定或否认东西在 1960 年确实没有什么重要性。与此同时，无政府状态并没有失去任何立足之地。个问题变得更加令人着迷。

History offered a feeble and delusive smile at the sound of the word; evolutionists and ethnologists disputed its very existence; no one knew what to make of it; yet, without the clue, history was a nursery tale.

听到个词，历史露出了微弱而虚幻微笑；化论者和民族学家争论它存在；没有人知道该怎么做；然而，如果没有线索，历史就是童话故事。