Well, actually pigmented gallstones are made of unconjugated bilirubin.

然而，事实上胆红素石是由非胆红素构成的。

The brownness is due to this mix of unconjugated or hydrolyzed bilirubin and phospholipids.

石的褐色源自未胆红素，或水解的胆红素，和磷脂的混物。

Since it's the bilirubin in bile, we'd maybe assume that they're made of conjugated bilirubin, right?

由于是胆汁中的胆红素，我们大概它们是由胆红素构成的，对吧？

I thought there was only conjugated bilirubin in bile?

这是怎么回事？难道胆汁里不是只有胆红素？

Alright, so the other type is bilirubin or pigmented gallstones.

胆红素石，或称胆色素石。

Recycling of that heme group yields unconjugated bilirubin, which at high concentration can cause scleral icterus, jaundice, and bilirubin gall stones.

亚铁血红素的循利用产生非胆红素，其浓度过高导致巩膜黄染、黄疸与胆红素胆石。

Usually though, bile salts bind up the calcium ions and keep them from binding with and precipitating unconjugated bilirubin.

通常情况下，胆盐钙离子，以此阻止钙离子与非胆红素沉淀。

These are made when there's too much bilirubin in the bile and it has combined with calcium to form the solid precipitate calcium bilirubinate.

当胆汁中含有过量胆红素时形成此类石，由胆红素与钙形成固体沉淀物胆红素钙。

In addition, serum amylase, lipase and bilirubin might sometimes be elevated.

此外，血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胆红素有时可能升高。

These ones, again, are pretty self-explanatory and are made mostly of bilirubin and therefore are pigmented.

这类石，顾名思义，主要由胆红素构成，因此含有色素。

Jaundice actually occurs when your blood contains an excess of the molecule bilirubin.

当您的血液中含有过量的胆红素分子时， 就出现黄疸。

Bilirubin is a yellowish waste compound that’s produced when old red blood cells are broken down.

胆红素是一种淡黄色的废物化物，是在旧红细胞分解时产生的。

And, since the liver usually conjugates bilirubin, there'll be increased unconjugated bilirubin in the blood from a less-functional liver and that can lead to jaundice.

还有，由于肝脏能把血液中过多的非胆红素转变成胆红素，肝脏功能减退还引起的血液中非胆红素升高，引发黄疸。

Well the vast majority is conjugated, but there is a small amount of unconjugated bilirubin in bile, only about 1-2% of total bilirubin, which is only 1% of bile.

其实胆汁中绝大部分是胆红素，但仍有少量的非胆红素，仅占总胆红素的1-2%，占胆汁的1%。

Since they're made partly of calcium, they'll usually be radiopaque, meaning you can see them on x-ray, here's an example showing pigmented gallstones on x-ray.

因胆红素石部分由钙组成，故它们无法透过射线，意味着可在X光片上看到这些石，这里是一个胆色素石在X射线下显影的例子。

Although cirrhosis usually affects adults, even newborns can have complications like jaundice, or buildup of bilirubin in the blood, on account of poor excretion by the liver.

尽管肝硬化多见于成年人，但新生儿也可有相应发症，如黄疸，或由于肝脏代谢不良导致血液中淤积胆红素。

It manufactures blood proteins, destroys old erythrocytes and releases bilirubin, removes poisons (detoxificatien) from the blood, stores and releases glycogen needed by the body.

它生产血浆蛋白，破坏衰老的红细胞释放胆红素，从血液中去除毒素（解毒作用），储存和释放身体所需的糖原。

Frequently affected organs include the liver, where the bacterial toxins damage liver sinusoids and hepatocytes, causing bilirubin to spill into the bloodstream - which clinically translates as jaundice.

肝脏是常见的受累器官，细菌释放的毒素破坏肝窦及肝细胞，导致胆红素释放入血液循，在临床上表现黄疸。

With extravascular hemolysis, we have macrophages eating up red blood cells more than normal and unconjugated bilirubin production is ramped up, which is conjugated by the liver and sent to the gallbladder.

血管外溶血时，巨噬细胞吞噬红细胞，较正常时更多，进而加速了非胆红素的产生，非胆红素在肝脏转变胆红素，输送至胆囊。

And he was turning yellow and then orange with jaundice, with these high levels of bilirubin and just started to scratch and claw and was really, really miserable.

由于黄疸，胆红素含量很高，他的皮肤颜色变黄，然后变成橙色，他开始抓挠，真的非常非常痛苦。