The British Thoracic Society guidelines for pulmonary nodules recommend the Herder risk model for predicting malignancy in solid pulmonary nodules after PET-CT.
Sub-solid nodules will require longer follow-up than solid nodules as they may represent premalignant adenocarcinoma in situ or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma.
Symptoms of tuberous sclerosis are often related to the hamartomas in the brain which cause problems like seizures, learning difficulties, and cognitive deficits.
The Herder model incorporates patient and nodule characteristics along with the degree of FDG uptake within the nodule to provide a probability of malignancy.
Diagnostic algorithms depend on the size and radiological appearance of the nodule (Figures 1.1 and 1.2) and the pre-test probability of malignancy (Figure 1.3).