A strong blow to the head causes chemical changes within nerve cells that damage their structural proteins.

头部遭受的猛烈撞击会使得神经胞发生化学变化，进而造成结构蛋白损伤。

The exchange of materials occurs between cells and their environment across the cell membrane.

物质交换胞膜发生在胞与其环境之间。

Telepathy goes on within the body between the cells.

心灵感应在身体内的胞之间发生。

Aerobic respiration happens all the time in all cells, usually in the mitochondria.

有氧呼吸每时每刻都在胞中发生，通常在线粒体中。

They also found changes in the mix of cells within the animals' immune system itself.

同时他发现，在动物免疫系统自身，混合胞有发生改变。

Cell division is an intricate chemical dance that's part individual, part community-driven.

胞分裂，是繁复的化学舞蹈，一部分在胞内发生，一部受外界影响。

What if a cancer cell mutates and finds  a way to circumvent this process?

如果癌胞发生突变并这一程的方法怎么办？

They went up the first space missions to see what would happen to human cells and zero gravity.

他执行了第一次太空任务，看看在失重情况下人体胞会发生什么。

So, what happens when different cells get hit?

那么，不同胞被攻击时会发生什么呢？

Now, a tumor develops if there's a DNA mutation in any of these cell types that leads to uncontrolled cell division.

如果以上提的这些胞发生DNA突变，造成胞分裂失控，就会发展为肿瘤。

Researchers found that the earliest mutations of cancer are displayed on every cell in a tumor.

研究人员发现，肿瘤的每个胞都会发生癌症的最初变异。

In fact, that's exactly what happens during apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death.

事实上，这恰恰是胞凋亡时所发生的现象，这一程也被称作胞程序性死亡。

Finally, a tumor cell changes in a way  that makes it properly dangerous, cancer.

最后，肿瘤胞发生变化，使其变得非常危险，即癌症。

If it hijacks the immune system, and a cytokine storm occurs?

如果被它操控了整个免疫系统 并且发生了胞因子风暴？

This is possible because organisms evolve when random mutations happen in the DNA of reproductive cells.

这是可能的，因为当生殖胞的DNA发生随机突变时，生物就会进化。

For example, the light that enters your eye causes chemical changes in cells at the back of the eye.

例如，进入眼睛的光线会导致眼睛后部的胞发生化学变化。

Well, sometimes cancer cells mutate more  and get much better at fighting back.

嗯，有时癌胞会发生更多突变，并且更善于反击。

That's what leads to permanent mutations in your DNA, and down the line, possibly cancerous cells.

这就是导致您的 DNA 发生永久性突变的原因， 并可能导致癌胞发生永久性突变。

What's going on here at the cellular level?

在胞水平上发生了什么？

Once a cancer-causing mutation occurs within a cell, the affected cell begins to grow and replicate out of control, forming a tumor.

一旦胞发生致癌的基因突变，受累胞会不受控地生长复制，形成肿瘤。