The market for second- hand 200mm tools, meanwhile, has been stripped bare.

同，二手市场上生产200毫米的机器早已断货。

The warning comes from ASML, the company makes lithography machines that etch circuits onto silicon wafers.

该警告来自ASML，该公司生产的光刻机将电路蚀刻上。

Then sometime in the future, the DNA on that silicon chip can be translated back into digital information.

未来的某个候，该上的DNA可以被转化为数字信息。

To manufacture these integrated circuits, the transistors are built up layer by layer, on a pure crystalline silicon wafer.

为了制造这些集成电路，晶体管需要纯晶体上一层一层地组装起来。

Chip is a good word because it originally started as a slice of silicon.

芯是一个好词， 因为它最初是从一开始的。

Here, oxygen gas reacts with the wafer to form a layer of silicon dioxide.

这里，氧气与反应形成一层二氧化。

Huge ripple effects are begin felt across tech, auto manufacturing and the global economy all from a tiny piece of silicon.

科技、汽车制造业和全球经济都能从一块上感受到巨大的连锁反应。

We start with a slice of silicon, which, like a thin cookie, is called a wafer.

我们从一开始，它就像一块薄饼干，被称为晶圆。

This CPU is manufactured on a 300-millimeter silicon wafer which can  fit 230 CPU chips.

该CPU制造一块300毫米的上，可容纳230个CPU芯。

Just remember: at the heart of each of those chips is one of these small pieces of silicon.

请记住：每个芯的核心都是这些之一。

The plant in Gujarat, which will cost $11bn, is to employ 20,000 people and produce 50,000 silicon wafers a month.

该工厂位于古吉拉特邦， 投资额为 110 亿美元，将雇佣 20,000 名员工， 每月生产 50,000 。

A piece of silicon containing a general-purpose CPU. The most common examples are Intel" s 80x86 and Motorola" s 680x0 families.

一包含通用CPU的。常见的例子是：Intel80x86、Motorola 680x0系列。

Within  this microchip factory, silicon wafers travel from machine to machine and undergo around a  thousand processes over a 3-month period.

这个微芯工厂里，三个月的间里从一台机器运送到另一台机器，经过大约一千道工序。

On the bottom is the silicon wafer, and the billions of transistors are implanted and built into and on top of the silicon.

底部是晶，数十亿个晶体管被植入并构建之中和之上。

Supported by the government, China leads in global energy transition, producing high-purity silicon and silicon wafers, driving the shift to renewable energy.

政府支持下， 中国全球能源转型中处于领先地位，生产高纯度和， 推动向可再生能源的转变。

Its customers, including Apple and Google, are also ramping up their own chip design efforts, which could undermine its lucrative business for custom silicon.

其客户， 包括苹果和谷歌，也加大自己的芯设计力度，这可能会削弱其利润丰厚的定制业务。

And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon.

而且，计算能力的成本持续下降，这对于任何上开店的企业来说都是一个好兆头。

So for example, in the middle of the summer, China introduced a tariff and slowing the export of certain materials and technology to make solar wafers.

例如， 盛夏节，中国征收关税， 并减缓了某些用于制造太阳能的材料和技术的出口。

Transistors have become this cheap because during the past 40 years engineers have learned to etch ever more of them on a single wafer of silicon.

晶体管之所以变得如此便宜， 是因为过去40年里， 工程师们学会了单个上蚀刻越来越多的晶体管。

And it's all been printed at such a microscopic level now that literally billions of features, different transistors are crammed onto each maybe one inch slice of silicon.

现所有这些都是如此微观的水平上印刷的， 以至于数十亿个特征，不同的晶体管被​​塞进每一个可能一英寸的上。