Shortwave signals bounce off the ionosphere, a layer of charged particles high in the atmosphere.

电离层是大中的一层带电粒子层，短波信号会从电离层反射回。

Ionizing radiation tears the cellular structure apart.

电离辐射会胞结构。

However, much of that radiation is non-ionizing.

然而，大多的辐射是非电离的。

And finally, you learned about some cool mathematical connections between pH and pOH.

弱酸比如柠檬酸，电离不完全。

Some particles can penetrate it charging up the upper atmosphere.

有些粒子可能穿透它，电离上部的大。

The ionosphere is in constant motion, an amazing effect of space weather.

电离层一直在运动，这是空间的一个惊人效应。

That protection keeps Solar wind and other ionizing radiation off of the surface.

这种保护使太阳风和其他电离辐射远离地球表面。

It affected longwave radio communications in Earth's ionosphere.

它影响了地球电离层的长波无线电通信。

This ionizing radiation has enough energy to rip electrons from atoms.

这种电离辐射有足够的能量把电子从原子中剥离出。

Gas molecules emitted by the comet get ionized by the Sun's ultraviolet light.

彗星释放的体分子被太阳的紫外线电离。

These sand-sized particles emit ionizing radiation, capable of separating electrons from molecules and atoms.

这些沙粒大小的微粒发出的离子辐射，能够使分子和原子电离。

If you were on the surface, you'd be a vaporized and ionized smear.

如果你在其表面上，你将会是一个被蒸发和电离的污迹。

One way scientists compare ionizing radiation exposure is a unit called the sievert.

科学家们区别电离辐射暴露的一个方法是一种叫西韦特的单位。

This activity helps form a part of Earth's atmosphere known as the ionosphere.

这种活动有助于形成地球大层的一部分，即电离层。

The laser light is focused down to hit this first layer which explodes into a superheated ionized gas.

激光向下聚焦击中第一层，这一层爆炸成过热的电离体。

The ionosphere welcomes you to discover more about this little-known region.

欢迎你探索更多关于电离层的秘密！

This is known as ionizing radiation because an atom that has lost or gained electrons is called an ion.

这个叫做电离辐射因为一个已经失去或得到电子的原子叫做离子。

Some food items, beef steak for instance, come pre-sterilised with ionising radiation, which helps prevent spoilage.

有些食品，例如牛排，是事先经过电离辐射消毒的，这么做有助于防止食物变质。

There are also other environmental risk factors like ionizing radiation, like from chest X-rays and CT scans.

还有一些环境因素如胸部X线或CT扫描等电离辐射，也是高危因素。

The growing radiation from those first stars ionized hydrogen atoms, split them back into protons and electrons.

随着初代恒星发出的辐射越越大，电离的氢原子再次被分解为质子和电子。