But thanks to billions of years of evolution we may already have a starting point in the unexpectedly biological form of bacteria.

不过多亏了数亿年来的进化，我们可能已经站在了研究细菌全新生物的起点。

And there are other lifeforms called extremophiles, which can thrive in even harsher environments.

还有一种叫做“极端微生物”的生命，它们可以在更恶劣的环境中茁成长。

Is it possible that a similar form of microbial life could still reside somewhere beneath the frozen surface of Mars?

这可能微生物生命类似的还会生存在火星恶劣的表面之下？

And the researchers think that at least one of these big nutrient shifts might have let organisms that were living side-by-side with rangeomorphs grow bigger than ever before.

研究人员认为，这些营养物质的重大转变中至少有一个可能让与范生物并存的生物变得比以往任何时候都大。

The unity of much of the morphogenesis of organisms from fertilized egg to adult began to be unraveled after the discovery of the homeobox genes, first in fruit flies, then in other insects and animals, including humans.

在同源盒基因的发现之后，从受卵到成虫的生物体发生的一致性开始被解开。同源盒基因首先在果蝇中发现，然后在其他昆虫和动物中发现，包括人类。