Typically a gamete with 23 chromosomes, including one sex chromosome either X or Y, develops when parent germ cells undergo the process of meiosis.

正常的配子包含23条体，其中有一条X或Y体，由亲代胞减数分裂产。

And you can see they ended up getting " sex chromosome" -- it's like a pretty juicy title, it popularized genetics, you know?

你可以看到他最终得到了“体”——这就像一个非常有趣的标题，它普及了遗传学，你知道吗？

As they go from a cell with 46 chromosomes to a sex cell with only 23, the chromosomes within each pair swap some sections.

当它从一个有 46 条体的胞变成一个只有 23 条体的胞时，每对体中的体会交换一些部分。

This can happen as a result of nondisjunction of sex chromosomes during meiosis, and it happens more frequently in sperm cells - but egg cells can also be affected.

这可能是由于胞在减数分裂期间体未分离而造成的，而且这一情况在精子胞中发得更频繁，不过在卵胞中也可能出现。

Every once in a while, when we do that test and we sequence that DNA, there's an extra chromosome 21,13, or 18, or a change in the sex chromosome material.

偶尔在进行该检测时，我会发现额外的 21 号、13 号或 18 号体，或者体的异常变化。

Like, it can mean having different combinations of sex chromosomes – as in Klinefelter Syndrome, which creates chromosomes XX and Y, or in Triple-X Syndrome, which results in XXX.

就像，这可能意味着具有不同的体组合——如克兰费尔特综合症，它会产 XX 和 Y 体， 或者在三 X 综合症中， 会产 XXX。

One of these pairs, the sex chromosomes, determines person's biological sex and it can be composed of either two X chromosomes for females or an X and a Y chromosome for males.

在23对体中，有一对是体，它决定了人的物别；对于女，它由两条X体组成，男的则由一条X体和一条Y体组成。

And eventually, someone was like, " Well, if that one thing's called X, should we call this other thing Y? " And like that, (Snaps fingers) the sex chromosomes had been discovered.

最后，有人说，“好吧，如果那个东西叫 X，我应该把另一个东西叫 Y 吗？ ” 就这样，（打响指）体被发现了。

So around 1960 -- this is going to be our first stop on the complicated world of the sex chromosomes -- so around 1960, we had discovered that you could be XYY. They discovered an XYY man.

所以在 1960 年左右——这将是我探索复杂的体世界的第一站——所以在 1960 年左右，我发现你可以是 XYY。他发现了一个 XYY 人。

In Klinefelter syndrome, the sex chromosome pairs which is either XX or XY don't separate in meiosis I in the male or female germ cell and this resulted in two gametes with a pair of X chromosomes and two gametes without X chromosomes.

Klinefelter综合征中，配对的XX或XY体对在父亲或母亲的第一次减数分裂中没有分离，从而产了两个有两条X体的配子以及两个没有X体的配子。