The heart is nestled in a double-walled sac called the pericardium.

脏位于一个叫做包的双壁囊中。

The buildup of toxins can also cause pericarditis which is inflammation of the lining of the heart.

毒素的累积会起包炎，即包的炎症。

Basically, when heart cells die in a myocardial infarction, it leads to massive inflammation that also involves the serous pericardium.

肌梗导致肌细胞，发累及浆膜包的强烈炎症反应。

When the cause is identified, it's usually a viral infection, like Coxsackie B virus.

急性包炎的已知病因通常是病毒感染，如柯萨奇B组病毒。

It's encased by this fibrous sort of cover called your pericardium.

它被一种称为包的包裹。

There were also no cases of myocarditis or pericarditis — inflammation of the heart muscle or its lining.

试验中没有肌炎或包炎的案例，这两种疾病分别是脏肌肉或脏外膜发炎。

But remember this pericardium we talked about?

还记得我们说过的包吗？

There are a few ways to diagnose pericarditis and pericardial effusions.

诊断包炎和包积液的方法如下。

The outer layer of this pouch is the fibrous pericardium and it helps keep the heart in place within the chest cavity.

包的外层是包，其作用是把脏固定在胸腔之内。

So this could be from like a pericardial fusion or pericarditis or something like that.

所以这可能来自包融合或包炎或类似的东西。

People who develop pericarditis are also at risk of developing a pericardial effusion - that's when the inflammation causes fluid to accumulate around the heart.

包炎患者有罹患包积液的风险，即炎症反应使液体聚集在脏周围。

That's when pericardial fluid begins to pool in the pericardial space, because the serous pericardium can't remove it as quickly as it comes in.

包积液是渗出液在包腔内累积的结果，因为浆膜包吸收积液的速度小于液体渗出的速度。

The main symptom of pericarditis is fever and chest pain that worsens with deep breathing, but improves with sitting up and leaning forward.

包炎的主要症状是发热，以及随深呼吸加重、随坐直和前倾减轻的胸痛。

The stiff, thickened serous pericardium makes it hard for the ventricles to expand - it's like the heart is wrapped by a boa constrictor.

增厚硬化的浆膜包限制室扩张；脏如同被蟒蛇缠绕一般。

Pericarditis can also be seen in autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or systemic lupus erythematosus, because the immune system attacks its own tissues, including the pericardium.

包炎可继发于自身免疫病，如类风湿性关节炎、硬皮病或系统性红斑狼疮；此时免疫系统攻击包括包在内的自身组织。

When the pericardium is involved, it often leads to pericarditis —inflammation of the pericardium— and pericardial effusion, an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity.

当转移到包时，通常会导致包炎，即包被感染起的炎症，并起包积液，即在包腔内积聚液体。

On an echocardiogram, a pericardial effusion makes the heart look like it's dancing within the pericardium, whereas chronic pericarditis shows the stiff serous pericardium restricting the heart's movement.

超声动图下，包积液致使脏如同在包腔内“舞蹈”；而慢性包炎表现为增厚的包限制脏活动。

On an X-ray of a heart with a large pericardial effusion, you can see a silhouette that pools to the bottom of the heart and gives a classic " water bottle" sign.

大量包积液的X线平片，可见影增大，覆盖脏底部，呈现典型的烧瓶状。

The inner layer of the pouch is the serous pericardium that includes the pericardial cavity, and is filled with a small amount of fluid that lets the heart slip around as it beats.

包的内层是浆膜包，包括包腔；包腔内含有少量液体，在脏跳动时起润滑作用。

Larger pericardial effusions, those over 100ml of fluid, can cause diminished heart sounds, and can even diminish cardiac output leading to shortness of breath, low blood pressure, and lightheadedness.

超过100毫升的大量包积液可使音减弱，甚至会降低输出量，导致呼吸困难、低血压与头晕。