This endocardium lines the heart chambers as well as the heart valves.

覆盖了脏各腔室和瓣。

It causes various hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, UTIs, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis.

它能引起各种医院获得性感染，如肺、尿路感染、菌症、以及脑。

Therefore the classic finding with angina is subendocardial ischemia, meaning less oxygen is reaching the region just under the endocardium.

因此绞痛的典发现就是下层缺，即到达下层的氧减少。

'It was a very simple case of endocarditis'.

“这是一个非常简单的病例”。

The process tending to focus on the sub endocardium.

趋向于集中于下的过程。

On an electrocardiogram, or ECG, both stable and unstable angina show an ST-segment depression since ischemia's limited to the subendocardium.

电图上，稳定和非稳定绞痛都显示ST段降低，因为缺局限于下层。

THAT STENTLESS VALVE REPLACEMENT FOR INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS THAT YOU PERFORMED?

那个为感染性做的 无扩张瓣替换术?

Again the sub endocardial region seems to be the most precarious in terms of blood supply.

同样，下区域似乎是最不稳定的液供应。

Loffler syndrome, where eosinophils accumulate in the lung tissue, can also affect the heart tissue, called Loeffler endocarditis or sometimes loeffler endomyocarditis.

Loffler综合征：嗜酸性粒细胞聚集在肺组织中，也可以累及脏组织，这种情况叫做Loeffler，有时也叫Loeffler肌。

If blood flow's reduced or the myocardium is thicker, blood has a harder time reaching this deeper layer just under the endocardium, called the subendocardium.

一旦流减少或肌变厚，流便难以到达最深层，即下层。

In this case, eosinophils accumulate in the endocardial layer of the heart tissue, causing inflammation and endocardial fibrosis, making it stiffer and again less compliant.

在这类病例中，嗜酸性粒细胞聚集在脏组织的层，导致症和纤维化，让其更加僵硬、顺应性更差。

Yet another is endocardial fibroelastosis, where fibrosis develops in the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart, as well as the subendocardium right under, again making the tissue less compliant.

还有另一种病因是弹力纤维增生症，即在以及下层发生了纤维化，使得脏组织顺应性变差。

Endocardial fibroelastosis happens most often in children, and is thought to be caused by a variety of diseases and stresses, like infections and even nutritional deficiencies.

弹力纤维增生症通常发生在小孩身上，且被认为是由各种疾病和压力导致，比如说感染以及甚至是营养物质的缺乏。

This ischemia is thought to trigger release of adenosine, bradykinin, and other molecules that stimulate nerve fibers in the myocardium that result in the sensation of pain.

下缺被认为启动腺苷、缓激肽等分子的释放，这些分子刺激肌层神经末梢，导致痛觉产生。

Usually, pyelonephritis from hematogenous spread is a consequence of septicemia or bacteremia - which is bacteria in the blood - as well as infective endocarditis, an infection of the inner layer of the heart.

通常情况下，通过液传播的肾是由于败症或菌症（即细菌入）或感染性（即受感染）。

Finally, there's the innermost layer of the heart called the endocardium, which is made of a relatively thin layer of endothelium which is the same layer of cells that line the blood vessels.

最后，脏的最层叫，由一层较薄的皮细胞构成；与位在管壁的是同一层细胞。

The septum is formed during development as this muscular ridge of tissue grows upward from the apex, or the tip, and then fuses with a thinner membranous region coming down from the endocardial cushions.

室间隔在胚胎发育期间形成，这种组织肌肉嵴从尖部往上长，并与从垫向下延伸的薄区域融合。

Poor oral care has been also linked to serious diseases such as heart disease, COPD, pneumonia, and endocarditis, which is an infection of the inner lining of your heart chambers or valves.

口腔护理不当还与脏病、 慢性阻塞性肺病、 肺和等严重疾病有关，是腔或瓣壁的感染。

The muscular walls of the heart consist of three major " layers" . The bulk of the walls is made up of a layer of cardiac muscle and is called the myocardium.

肌外层是外，层是。

Whatever the case, the heart needs blood, and if we look at the heart wall, there's three layers—the outermost layer, the epicardium, then the myocardium in the middle, and the endocardium inside the heart.

无论什么情况下，肌都需要供，我们学习壁时知道，壁有3层：最外层的外、中层的肌，以及脏的。