And eventually, it got added to toothpaste, which works topically.

最终，氟化物也被添加到牙膏中，通过局部用发挥效果。

Ear Drops. Antibiotic ear drops are used. They're combined with steroids which have local anti-inflammatory effect.

滴耳液，使用抗生素滴耳液。它们与类固醇结合，具有局部消炎用。

But these jammers only work in a localized area.

赫吉: 但是这些干扰器只在局部区域起用。

These cells release regulatory hormones, like serotonin and histamine, which act locally to trigger other cells, to, say, release more acid, or contract muscle tissue.

这些胞释放调激素，如血清素和组胺，它们在局部起用，触发其他胞，比如说，释放更多酸，或者收缩肌肉组织。

As individuals, the fish are focused on the minutiae of these local interactions, but if enough fish join the group, something remarkable happens.

为个体，鱼专注于这些局部相互用，但如果有足够多鱼加入这个群体， 就会发生一些非凡事情。

So the real question is, " What is happening? " How is the local action of anesthetics affect global brain dynamics so as to explain this disappearance of consciousness?

所以真正问题是，“发生了什么？”麻醉剂局部用如何影响整体大脑动力学，从而解释这种意识消失？