The region's governments were brutal oligarchies.

该地区的府是残暴的寡头治。

He argued that regardless of how democratic a bureaucracy is in theory, in practice, it always tends toward pure oligarchy.

他认为，无论官僚机构在理论上多么民主，在实践中，它总是倾向于纯粹的寡头治。

This group has appointed loyalists to the central bank and finance ministry, and put forward new chiefs for the security service and defence ministry-signs that Mr Yanukovych wants an independent power base beyond the oligarchs who back him now.

亚努科维奇集团把亲安插在乌克兰央行和财，出要为安全局和防的领导层进行大换血，这标志着亚努科维奇希望摆脱在背后支持他的寡头治士，建立听命于他的独立权力基础。

The wealth,   popularity and power concentrated on these men turned Rome into an effective oligarchy  in the 50s BC with the emergence of the First Triumvirate featuring Pompey and Caesar alongside  Marcus Crassus, the wealthiest man in Rome.

随着庞培和凯撒与罗马最富有的马库斯·克拉苏一起出现的第一三巨头的出现，这些身上集中的财富、声望和权力使罗马在公元前 50 年代变成了一个有效的寡头治。