By functional group I mean an alcohol group or ketone group or aldehyde group or acid group.

官能团指醇基或酮基或醛基或酸基。

Well the same thing goes for the ethene functional group, which is called a vinyl group.

同样的事情适于乙烯官能团， 它被称为乙烯基。

Any side chains or functional groups sticking off the side have to be identified and named.

必须识别和命名任何从侧面伸出的侧链或官能团。

When working with functional groups, each one adds a particular suffix to the end of the name of a compound.

官能团时， 每个官能团都会在化合物名称的末尾添加一个特定的后缀。

All of these things can be accomplished by simple organic compounds with different functional groups sticking off of them!

所有这些事情都可以通过具有不同官能团的简单有机化合物来实现！

The first and most familiar oxygen-based functional group is the alcohol, a terminal " -OH" .

第一个熟悉的氧基官能团醇，一个末端“-OH”。

Now, acetone is just a name of that one chemical, not the functional group itself.

现在，丙酮只一种化学物质的名称，而不官能团本身。

Two important notes here, if the parent functional group is on carbon one we just leave the number off.

这里有两个重要的注意事项， 如果父官能团在碳一上， 我们就把数字去掉。

We've color coded the different functional groups to the various tools and  process steps to help you not get lost.

我们已根据各种工具和工艺步骤对不同的官能团进行了颜色编码，以帮助您不会迷失方向。

So yeah, when we have a carbonyl in the middle of a carbon chain, that is a ketone functional group.

所以的，当我们在碳链中间有一个羰基时， 那就酮官能团。

Organic compounds that include these functional groups have various wonderful names: wood alcohol, cinnamaldehyde, and cadaverine.

包含这些官能团的有机化合物有各种美妙的名字：木醇、肉桂醛和尸胺。

In fact, if you look at all these oxygen based functional groups you'll see that they're all very closely related.

事实上，如果你观察所有这些氧基官能团， 你会发现它们之间的关系非常密切。

So if you got a functional group, there's a name that defines the suffix of the molecule, and that is called the parent functional group.

所以如果你有一个官能团，就会有一个定义分子后缀的名称， 它被称为父官能团。

Now it is perfectly possible that a molecule will have two different functional groups, so how do we know which one is the parent?

现在一个分子完全有可能有两个不同的官能团，那么我们怎么知道哪个母体呢？

The chemical parameters that we used for instance it was the molecular weight of compound, or the fact that the compound possesses or not some functional groups.

Boevé：我们的化学参数例如化合物的分子量，或者化合物具有或不具有某些官能团的事实。

Now we only have two more oxygen-based functional groups that we're gonna talk about, These are groups that have internal oxygens bonded directly to carbons.

现在我们只讨论另外两个基于氧的官能团，这些内部氧直接与碳键合的基团。

They do this by giving prefixes to compounds for the number of carbons in a chain, suffixes based on parent functional groups, and ranking functional groups somewhat arbitrarily for precedence.

他们通过为链中碳原子数的化合物添加前缀、基于母体官能团的后缀以及在某种程度上任意排列官能团的优先级来做到这一点。

The most weighted of all is the carboxylic acid functional group, so no matter what else is on a six carbon chain, if there's a carboxylic acid, then it's a hexanoic acid.

重要的羧酸官能团，所以无论六碳链上还有什么， 如果有羧酸， 那么它就己酸。

If an OH is part of a larger functional group, we'll refer to it as a Hydroxyl, and if a carbon double bonded to an oxygen it's part of a larger group, we call that a carbonyl.

如果 OH 较大官能团的一部分，我们将其称为羟基，如果碳与氧双键结合， 则它较大官能团的一部分， 我们称之为羰基。