This is a phenomenon psychologists call functional fixedness.

这是种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。

That is difficult because we all suffer to one degree or another from func-tional fixedness.

这是困难的，因为我们都或多或少承受着功能固着的痛苦。

Darwin proposed a similar idea to explain why barnacles, which are stuck in one place, are so amply endowed.

达尔文提出过类似的想法，来解释为何固着方的藤壶会有那么多后代。

Corals are basically sessile organisms or animals, so they basically pick a place and they sit and then they cannot move.

珊瑚是固着有机物或动物，因此它们会选方安顿下来，之后动不了了。

His development theory covered childhood stages and the impact of fixations on adult personalities.

他的发展理论涵盖了儿童成长阶段以及固着对成人性格的影响。

The urchin plague strikes at the kelp's holdfasts their crucial attachments to the rock.

海胆们巨藻的固着器 把巨藻固定石头上的重要装置。

But by the Late Cambrian, they attached to new harder substrates and some used root-like holdfasts.

但到了晚寒武纪，它们附着新的更硬的基质上，有些还使用了根状固着物。

Thus the primary task-recognized as such by all speed reading courses-is to correct the fixations and regressions that slow so many readers down.

因此，所有速读课程都承认的首要任务是纠那些拖慢读者速度的固着和回归。

Instead of trying to reconstruct their fortunes, they engaged in a bitter and " violent contest with experience" -and ended up victims of that brooding fixation known as melancholia.

他们没有试图重建自己的命运，而是进行了场痛苦的“与经验的激烈较量”——最终成为被称为忧郁症的沉思固着的受害者。

In temperate and polar climates, up to 40  meters below the surface, dense populations of giant kelp, the largest brown algae, grip  the rocky seafloor with branching roots called holdfasts.

温带和极气候下，海面以下 40 米深的方，巨型海带（最大的褐藻）密集种群通过称为固着物的分枝根抓住岩石海底。

It's related to anal retentive fixation, which is supposedly the result of unresolved conflicts between you and your caregivers during potty training But like so many things Freud thought it's kind of bogus.

这与肛门固着有关，据说这是源于便盆训练期间，你与看护者之间未解决的冲突。但像弗洛伊德认为的很多事情样，这并非事实。

Both prevent blood clots from forming — blood thinners by preventing the formation of the clotting factors that hold clots together, and aspirin by preventing blood cells from clumping into groups that become clots.

两者都能防止血凝块的形成——血液稀释剂能阻碍将血凝块固着起的凝血因子的形成，而阿司匹林能阻止血细胞凝聚成可发展为血凝块的细胞群。