What do the classical economists say about land ownership?

典经济家对土地所有权有什么看法？

Classical economics assumes that consumers have perfect information when making choices.

典经济假设消费者在做选择时拥有充足的信息。

Some classical economists argue against nearly all forms of government manipulation in competitive market.

一些典经济家反对竞争市场内几乎所有形式的政府操纵。

We might not always be the rational actors classical economists believe us to be.

我们可能并不总是典经济家以为的那样理性。

Now that doesn't seem surprising, but it directly contradicts classical economic theory. It's irrational.

这似乎并不奇怪，但它直接与典经济理论相矛盾。它并不理性。

And he and his fellow classical economists also broke down activities into productive and unproductive ones.

他和他的典经济家伙伴也把经济活动分为生产和非生产两类。

Classical economic theory suggests that this idea wouldn't work since rational people would pick the brownie.

典经济理论认为，这个想法行不通，因为理性的会选择巧克力蛋糕。

This emphasis persisted throughout the era of classical economics, which lasted nearly a century.

这种强调贯穿了整个典经济时代，持续了近一个世纪。

Thus I am not disputing this vital fact which the classical economists have (rightly) asserted as indefeasible.

因此，我不是在质疑典经济家（正确地）断言为不可废止的这一重要事实。

The rise of free markets was aided by the rise and spread of classical economics in the nineteenth century.

十九世纪典经济的兴起和传播促进了自由市场的兴起。

Classical economics had regarded the amount of labor and other inputs as crucial factors determining the price of the resulting output.

典经济将劳动力和其他投入的数量视为决定产出价格的关键因素。

As he makes his case, Mr Chancellor's panoptic survey of the history of interest, and what classical economists said about it, will not fail to dazzle.

在阐述自己的观点时，钱塞勒对利息历史的全面调查，以及典经济家对此的看法，一定会令眼花缭乱。

The leading classical economists understood that contractions in the money supply could create reduced production, and correspondingly increased unemployment, at a given time.

主要的典经济家明白，货币供应量的收缩可能会导致生产减少，并在特定时间相应地增加失业率。

This has been aptly called " the marginalist revolution, " which marked a break with both the methods and the concepts of the classical economists.

这被恰当地称为“边际主义革命”，它标志着与典经济家的方法和概念的决裂。

In this and other ways, Marshall reconciled the theories of the classical economists with the later marginalist theories to produce what became known as neo-classical economics.

通过这种和其他方式，马歇尔将典经济家的理论与后来的边际主义理论相协调，产生了后来被称为新典经济的东西。

Thus, once again, the tribute that classical economists pay to her is due to their concealed assumption that the rate of interest always is so governed.

因此，再一次，典经济家对她的赞扬是由于他们隐藏的假设，即利率总是如此受制。

Pyramid-building, earthquakes, even wars may serve to increase wealth, if the education of our statesmen on the principles of the classical economics stands in the way of anything better.

建造金字塔、地震， 甚至战争都可能有助于增加财富， 如果我们的政治家在典经济原理方面的教育阻碍了更好的发展。

Even Adam Smith, the most classical of classical economists, said, no society can surely be flourishing and happy of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable.

就连典经济家中最经典的亚当·斯密也说过，如果社会中的大部分成员都处于贫困和悲惨之中， 那么任何社会都不可能繁荣和幸福。

While The Wealth of Nations was not the first systematic treatise on economics, it became the foundation of a tradition known as classical economics, which built upon Smith's work over the next century.

虽然《国富论》并不是第一本系统的经济论，但它成为了典经济传统的基础，典经济传统建立在斯密在下个世纪的著作之上。

But this alternative explanation of the economic evils of the day-equally unpopular with the classical economists-played a much smaller part in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century thinking and has only gathered force in comparatively recent times.

但是，这种对当时经济弊端的另类解释——同样不受典经济家的欢迎——在 16 和 17 世纪的思想中所起的作用要小得多，而且只是在相对较晚的时期才开始流行起来。