Factor Xa, with Factor Va as a cofactor, turns factor II (also called prothrombin) into factor IIa or thrombin.

性因子Xa和作为辅因子的因子Va将因子II（凝血酶原）转变为因子IIa（凝血酶）。

Thrombin also turns factor XIII into factor XIIIa which cross links the fibrin to form a stable clot.

凝血酶也能使因子XIII转变为因子XIIIa；因子XIIIa与纤维通过交叉连接形成稳固的血凝块。

So, in people with protein C and S deficiency, the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex can't cleave and inactivate factors V and VIII.

所以，在C和S缺乏症患者体内，凝血酶-血栓调节合物能裂V因子和VIII因子。

Finally, an elevated or prolonged prothrombin time, which is the time it takes your blood to clot, is a typical lab finding in more severe cases.

最终，凝血酶原时间延长，即血液凝固的时间，也是更严重自免肝病例的典型实验室指标。

Thrombin then turns factor I or fibrinogen, which is soluble, into factor Ia or fibrin, which is insoluble and precipitates out of the blood at the site of injury.

之后凝血酶将可溶的因子I（纤维原）转变为因子Ia（纤维原），纤维可溶，便在损伤部位从血液中析出。

And birth control pills tip the balance towards clotting because they increase the levels of clotting factors and decrease the levels of some anticoagulation factors like protein C and antithrombin.

而避孕药使得凝血功能亢进，因为避孕药增强了凝血因子的功能，降低了C及抗凝血酶等抗凝因子的功能。

There is also a prolonged prothrombin (or PT) time, as well as prolonged partial thromboplastin time (or PTT), both of which reflect having lower levels of circulating coagulation factors.

凝血酶原（PT）时间和部分凝血酶（PTT）时间均会延长，两者都反映出血液循环中低水平的凝血因子。

Diagnosis of hemophilia A and B usually starts with lab tests including a platelet count which is usually normal, a prothrombin (PT) time, and a partial thromboplastic (PTT) time.

血友病A和B的诊断通常是进行实验检测，包括血小板计数（一般正常）、凝血酶原时间（PT），以及部分凝血酶时间（PTT）。

Also, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or DIC, is also a possible complication, since the decidua basalis layer is also rich in thromboplastin, so an abruption causes the release of large quantities of thromboplastin which causes widespread clotting.

还有弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）也是并发症之一，由于基蜕膜层内富含促凝血酶原激酶，所以胎盘剥离导致促凝血酶原激酶大量释放，从而导致广泛的凝血。

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and consists of water, dissolved proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, and other substances. The four major plasma proteins are albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin.

血浆是血液的液体部分，由水，溶的质，糖，盐，激素和其他物质组成。四种主要的血浆是，球，纤维原和凝血酶原。

So, it starts with a protein called thrombomodulin, which is on endothelial cells that line our blood vessels, and together with thrombin, they form a complex that also includes protein C and protein S.

这一过程从血栓调节开始，它位于血管的内皮细胞中，与凝血酶形成一个合物，其同时也包含C和S。