Homosporous ferns produce sporophytes by intra gametophytic selfing, inter gametophytic mating, or apogamy.Gametangium ontogeny, genetic load, and ploidy affect the mating system of each species.

摘要型孢蕨类的孢可经由交、异交两类育系统或以无生殖的方式产生，异交又可分为异交和异异交两种方式。